Holderness Coastline - Coasts Flashcards
How quickly does the Holderness Coastline erode per year
Around 2 metres
What are the 4 causes of the Holderness Coastline eroding so rapidly?
Rock type- the cliffs are made from less-resistant boulder clay (made from sands and clays) which slumps when wet.
Naturally narrow beaches - these beaches give less protection to the coast as it doesn’t reduce the power of the waves.
Man-made structures - groynes have been installed to stop long-shore drift. This narrows unprotected beaches elsewhere even more.
Powerful waves - waves at Holderness travel long distances over the North Sea (have a long fetch) which means they will increase in energy.
Name 4 Hard Engineering strategies on the Holderness Coastline
Sea Walls- Concrete walls placed at the foot of a cliff to reduce erosion. They are often curved to deflect waves back into the sea
Rock Armour- Large boulders placed at the foot of a cliff. They break waves and absorb the energy
Gabions- Rocks held in a mesh cage. Put in susceptible areas to absorb erosion.
Groynes- Wood or rock structures built at right angles out to sea. Traps sediment from longshore drift protecting the coast from erosion
Name 3 Soft engineering strategies on the Holderness Coastline
Beach Nourishment- when sand is pumped onto an existing beach to build it up.
Reprofiling- when sediment is redistributed from the lower part of the beach to the upper part of the beach.
Dune Nourishment- when marram grass is planted on sand dunes to stabilise them and help them trap sand which builds them up.
Bridlington Population
33 000
Bridlington Coast Managment
4.7 km sea wall.
Hornsea Population
8 000
Hornsea Coast Managment
Sea wall, Groynes and Rock Armour
Withersea Population
6 000
Withersea Coast Managment
Sea wall and Groynes
Mappleton Population
350
Mappleton Coast Managment
Groynes
Where does the Holderness coastline stretch from?
Flamborough Head to Spurn Head
What hard engineering strategies were used on the Holderness coastline?
Bridlington - 4.7km long sea wall & wooden groynes
Hornsea - sea wall, wooden groynes & rock armour to protect the village
Mappleton - 2 rock groynes built in 1991 that cost £2m to protect the village
Withernsea - Groynes, sea wall, and rock armour in front of the sea wall after it was damaged by storms in 1992
Spurn head - Eastern side protected by groynes and rock armour
What is the SMP plan in each area of the Holderness coastline?
Flamborough Head - ‘do nothing’ as there is slow rate of erosion and sediment is needed
Bridlington → Withernsea - ‘hold the line’ as there is high rates of erosion from boulder clay, so there is need to protect settlements, historic environment and agricultural land
Easington - ‘hold the line’ then ‘do nothing’ as the gas terminal needs protecting until it runs out
Spurn Head - ‘managed realignment’ and ‘do nothing’
