Intergrated Coastal Management

Question 1

What does coastal management increasingly use to manage extended areas of coastline

Answer 1

littoral cells

Question 2

What is Integrated coastal zone management

Answer 2

coastal management planning -> long term, -> stakeholders, working with natural processes and using ‘adaptive management’, i.e. changing plans as threats change.

Question 3

Name the 3 key characteristics of ICZM

Answer 3

entire coastal zone is managed -> all ecosystems, resources and human activity in the zone.

recognises importance of the coastal zone to ppls livelihoods -> large numbers live and work at the coast - but their activities tend to degrade the coastal environment.

recognises that management of the coast must be sustainable,

Question 4

What is a littoral cell

Answer 4

-all coastlines divide up into distinct littoral cells containing sediment sources, transport paths, sinks

Question 5

How many sediment cells are in England and Wales and how is each cell managed

Answer 5

• 11 sediment cells

- Each cell is managed either as a whole unit or a sub-unit.

Question 6

What is a shoreline management plan

Answer 6

document for coastal defence management planning

Question 7

What is coastal management in the UK overseen by

Answer 7

• DEFRA

- Department for Environment Food and rural affairs

Question 8

Name the 4 different coastal management policy options

Answer 8

No Active Intervention
Strategic Realignment Hold the Line
Advance the Line

Question 9

What is no active intervention

Answer 9

No investment in defending against flooding/ erosion, whether or not coastal defences have existed previously.

-coast is allowed to erode landward and/or flood.

Question 10

What is Strategic (managed) realignment

Answer 10

Allow coastline to move naturally (in most cases to recede) but managing the process to direct it in certain areas.

Question 11

What is hold the line

Answer 11

Build/ maintain coastal defences so position of shoreline remains same over time.

Question 12

What is advance the line

Answer 12

Build new coastal defences on the seaward side of the existing coastline.

Usually this involves land reclamation.

Question 13

Name the 5 different factors taken into consideration when choosing which policy (hold the line.. etc) to apply

-give reasons why

Answer 13

the economic value of assets that could be protected, e.g. land

technical feasibility of engineering solutions -> may not be possible to ‘hold the line’ for mobile depositional features (spits, /unstable cliffs)

(culture) value of land: may have to protect historic sites and areas of unusual diversity

pressure from communities: vocal local political campaigning -> area protected -> social value of communities that have existed for centuries.

Question 14

What is cost benefit analysis

Answer 14

used to help decide if defending a coastline from erosion and/or flooding is economically justifiable.

Question 15

Explain the impact of the policy options on the Holderness Coastline at Hornsea adn Mappleton

Answer 15

policy descision at Hornsea -> hold the line

due to:

• reginoal economic centre- pop of 8,500
• historic sites

Question 16

Give an example of cost benefit analysis in Happisburgh North Norflolk

Answer 16

• policy- no active intervention

- defending village would impact wider coastal management plan.

Question 17

Name 2 costs of the erosion of Happisburgh North Norfolk

Answer 17

• residents got £2000 each in relocation

- social costs -> village slowly degraded -> health effects -> job loss

Question 18

What is an environmental impact assessment

Answer 18

assessment of likely significant environmental effects arising from proposed development in a systematic way.

Question 19

What does environmental impact assessment aim to identify

Answer 19

short-term impacts of construction on the coastal environment

long-term impacts of building new sea defences or changing a policy from hold the line to no active intervention or managed realignment

Question 20

What does environmental impact assessment include assessments of

Answer 20

impacts on water movement (hydrology) and sediment flow

impacts on water quality,