Intergrated Coastal Management Flashcards
What does coastal management increasingly use to manage extended areas of coastline
littoral cells
What is Integrated coastal zone management
coastal management planning -> long term, -> stakeholders, working with natural processes and using ‘adaptive management’, i.e. changing plans as threats change.
Name the 3 key characteristics of ICZM
entire coastal zone is managed -> all ecosystems, resources and human activity in the zone.
recognises importance of the coastal zone to ppls livelihoods -> large numbers live and work at the coast - but their activities tend to degrade the coastal environment.
recognises that management of the coast must be sustainable,
What is a littoral cell
-all coastlines divide up into distinct littoral cells containing sediment sources, transport paths, sinks
How many sediment cells are in England and Wales and how is each cell managed
- 11 sediment cells
- Each cell is managed either as a whole unit or a sub-unit.
What is a shoreline management plan
document for coastal defence management planning
What is coastal management in the UK overseen by
- DEFRA
- Department for Environment Food and rural affairs
Name the 4 different coastal management policy options
No Active Intervention
Strategic Realignment Hold the Line
Advance the Line
What is no active intervention
No investment in defending against flooding/ erosion, whether or not coastal defences have existed previously.
-coast is allowed to erode landward and/or flood.
What is Strategic (managed) realignment
Allow coastline to move naturally (in most cases to recede) but managing the process to direct it in certain areas.
What is hold the line
Build/ maintain coastal defences so position of shoreline remains same over time.
What is advance the line
Build new coastal defences on the seaward side of the existing coastline.
Usually this involves land reclamation.
Name the 5 different factors taken into consideration when choosing which policy (hold the line.. etc) to apply
-give reasons why
the economic value of assets that could be protected, e.g. land
technical feasibility of engineering solutions -> may not be possible to ‘hold the line’ for mobile depositional features (spits, /unstable cliffs)
(culture) value of land: may have to protect historic sites and areas of unusual diversity
pressure from communities: vocal local political campaigning -> area protected -> social value of communities that have existed for centuries.
What is cost benefit analysis
used to help decide if defending a coastline from erosion and/or flooding is economically justifiable.
Explain the impact of the policy options on the Holderness Coastline at Hornsea adn Mappleton
policy descision at Hornsea -> hold the line
due to:
- reginoal economic centre- pop of 8,500
- historic sites
Give an example of cost benefit analysis in Happisburgh North Norflolk
- policy- no active intervention
- defending village would impact wider coastal management plan.
Name 2 costs of the erosion of Happisburgh North Norfolk
- residents got £2000 each in relocation
- social costs -> village slowly degraded -> health effects -> job loss
What is an environmental impact assessment
assessment of likely significant environmental effects arising from proposed development in a systematic way.
What does environmental impact assessment aim to identify
short-term impacts of construction on the coastal environment
long-term impacts of building new sea defences or changing a policy from hold the line to no active intervention or managed realignment
What does environmental impact assessment include assessments of
impacts on water movement (hydrology) and sediment flow
impacts on water quality,
