Test 1- S3

Question 1

What does a cell wall do in plant, fungi and bacterial cells

Answer 1

It supports, strengthens, protects and maintains the shape of the cell.

Question 2

What does the mitochondria do in plant, animal and fungi cells

Answer 2

It is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell.

Question 3

What does the chloroplasts in some plant cells do.

Answer 3

They are the sites of photosynthesis in the cell.

Question 4

What does the cell membrane do in plant, animal, fungi and bacteria cells

Answer 4

Controls entry and exit from the cell

Question 5

What does the cytoplasm do in fungi, bacteria, animal and plant cells

Answer 5

It is the site of biochemical reaction within the cell

Question 6

What does the vacuole do in plant cells

Answer 6

It contains all the water, sugar and salt from the cell

Question 7

What does the nucleus do in plant, animal and fungi cells

Answer 7

The nucleus controls the activities of the cell and stores genetic information.

Question 8

What do the ribosomes do in animal, bacteria, plant and fungi cells

Answer 8

The site of protein synthesis within the cell.

Question 9

What do plasmids do in bacteria cells

Answer 9

Code for the synthesis of a few proteins

Question 10

What are cell walls made of

Answer 10

In plant cells, cell wall are made of cellulose however in fungi and bacteria they are made of different materials.

Question 11

What is a cell membrane made of

Answer 11

The cell membrane is composed of phospholipids and proteins

Question 12

What can a cell membrane be referred to as

Answer 12

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

Question 13

What is passive transport

Answer 13

Passive transport is the movement of substances down a concentration gradient (from high to low). It does not require any energy input

Question 14

What are example of passive transport

Answer 14

Diffusion and osmosis. (The movement of raw materials such as oxygen and the movement of water into a cell)

Question 15

What is diffusion

Answer 15

Diffusion is the movement of raw materials, such as oxygen, down a concentration gradient.

Question 16

What is the importance of osmosis and diffusion in a cell.

Answer 16

Diffusion is important in cells as it provides them with raw materials to fuel them. For instance diffusion allows CO2 into the plant cell to allow photosynthesis to occur.

Question 17

What is osmosis

Answer 17

Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 18

What happens to an animal cell if too much/little water is in them depending on what solution they are in.

Answer 18

If animal cells take on too much water they burst as they have no cell wall to constrain the water inside, stopping it from bursting. On the other hand they shrink without enough water as the cell loses its contents and the cell membrane shrinks in as it dries out.

Question 19

What happens to plant cells when they get too much/ little water in them

Answer 19

If a plant cells gets to much water, the contents of the cells expand and the membrane is pushed against the cell wall, this is know as being TURGID. On the other hand if it doesn’t have enough water the membrane shrinks away from the cell wall, this is known as being PLASMOLYSED

Question 20

What is active transport

Answer 20

Active transport is the movement of molecules and ions against a concentration gradient from low to high.cells that need a higher concentration of solutés outside it must use active transport. Cells that use active transport have a large number of mitochondria in them as they require ENERGY input, in the form of ATP

Question 21

How do you describe a DNA strand

Answer 21

It is a double-helix ( two sugar-phosphates which curve around each other), he,d together by two complementary base pairs.

Question 22

What is the pattern in base pairing in DNA

Answer 22

Adenine and thymine always go together in complementary pairs
Cytosine and guanine always go together in complementary pairs

Question 23

What does DNA do

Answer 23

DNA is used for storing the genetic information to make proteins. Proteins play a role in deciding physical characteristics such as hair colour or eye colour.

Question 24

What is a gene

Answer 24

A section of DNA that is used to create a particular protein is known as a gene

Question 25

What does the bases of a gene do

Answer 25

Depending upon what the base sequence on the MRNA is different amino acids line up. Depending on the order of the amino acids, the chain they form a POLYEPTIDE, folds a particular way creating a particular protein

Question 26

What is mRNA

Answer 26

mRNA is molecule that carries a COMPLEMENTARY copy of the base sequence of a gene to the ribosomes as a whole DNA strand is too large to leave the nucleus

Question 27

What does the mRNA do after leaving the nucleus

Answer 27

Once leaving the cell the mRNA travels to a ribosome in the cytoplasm where a protein is assembled depending on the sequence of amino acids which is decided by the base sequence

Question 28

How many bases for on amino acid

Answer 28

Three