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Physiology Final > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of dendrites?

A

Transmits action potentials toward the cell body

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2
Q

What of the following is true of axons?

A

Originates at the axon hillock on the cell body

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a structural classification?

A

Motor Neuron

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4
Q

A bundle of axons in the CNS is called?

A

Tract

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5
Q

The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by?

A

Schwann Cells

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6
Q

The blood brain barrier results mostly from the action of ____, at type of glial cell.

A

Astrocytes

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7
Q

The membrane of resting nerve cells is more person to _______ ions than ____ ions.

A

Potassium, Sodium

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8
Q

Ion channels that open in response to depolarization are called?

A

Voltage gated channels

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9
Q

During an action potential?

A

Na+ influx causes depolarization

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10
Q

Which ion’s movements is responsible for repolarization?

A

Outward diffusion of K+

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11
Q

Action potentials would be conducted most rapidly by?

A

a 40 mm diameter myelinated axon

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12
Q

_____ synapses occur between axons of presynaptic cells and dendrites and postsynaptic cells.

A

Axodendritic

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13
Q

Neurotransmitter release would be inhibited by?

A

Blocking Ca2+ influx in the axon terminal

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14
Q

What of the following is NOT true of EPSP’s?

A

They have a refractory period

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15
Q

What action produces an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane?

A

opening of Cl- channels into the neuron

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16
Q

Destruction of the embryonic _____ will prevent formation of the nervous system.

A

Ectoderm

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17
Q

Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Insula, Occipital

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18
Q

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit?

A

Hearing

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19
Q

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage?

A

Delta Waves

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20
Q

During ______ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur.

A

REM

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21
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with cerebral nuclei function?

A

Acetylcholine

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22
Q

Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem solving?

A

Prefrontal cortex

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23
Q

The majority of sensory information is relayed to the cerebrum by the ___?

A

Thalamus

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24
Q

Except for the sense of _____, all sensory information is relayed through the thalamus.

A

Smell

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25
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

A

Controls motor coordination

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26
Q

The suprachiasmatic nuclei

A

All of the choices are correct

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27
Q

Visual reflexes would be impaired by damage to the?

A

Superior Colliculi

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28
Q

A cranial nerve with only sensory fibers is the?

A

Vestibulochoclear nerve

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29
Q

Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs?

A

Vagus

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30
Q

There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves.

A

12, 31

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31
Q

Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate

A

Skeletal muscle

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32
Q

The autonomic nervous system

A

is not usually under conscious control

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33
Q

Where do autonomic postganglionic neurons originate?

A

Peripheral ganglia

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34
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A

Has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors

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35
Q

Cocaine is a ______ drug, meaning that it promotes sympathetic nerve effects.

A

Sympathomimetic

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36
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A

utilizes acteylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter

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37
Q

____ is released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerves.

A

Norepinephrine

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38
Q

The second messenger mediating the effects of norepinephrine on the heart would be?

A

Increased cyclic AMP

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39
Q

Epinephrine is a

A

sympathomimetic hormone

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40
Q

All adrenergic receptors act via?

A

G proteins

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41
Q

M2 receptors in the heart?

A

decrease heart rate

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42
Q

Which of the following organs is dually innervated?

A

Urinary bladder

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43
Q

Which type of receptor responds to physical deformation of its cell membrane?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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44
Q

Cutaneous receptors respond to stimuli that are outside the body and are therefore also?

A

Exteroceptors

45
Q

As the magnitude of a generator potential increases the ____ of action potentials in the sensory neuron increases.

A

Frequency

46
Q

As _____ increases, the two point threshold decreases.

A

Receptor density

47
Q

Sensations are sharpened via?

A

Lateral inhibition

48
Q

Chemoreceptors that respond to chemical changes in the external environment are called?

A

Exteroceptors

49
Q

Gustducin

A

Is related to transducin of the eye

50
Q

Which taste modality involved membrane receptors that are coupled to G-proteins?

A

Umami

51
Q

What extracellular ion is necessary for release of neurotransmitter for salty and sour tastes?

A

Ca2+

52
Q

Which of the special sense is most closely linked with the limbic system?

A

Olfaction

53
Q

The structures that function in equilibrium are known as the?

A

Vestibular apparatus

54
Q

What characteristics does the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth have that is unusual?

A

It has a higher than normal concentration of K+

55
Q

The cupula is part of the?

A

Semicircular canals

56
Q

The hertz is a measure of?

A

Frequency

57
Q

Vibrations in the stapes directly induce vibrations in the ?

A

Oval window

58
Q

The scala vestibuli of the cochlea is filled with?

A

Perilymph

59
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the organ of Corti?

A

Vestibular membrane

60
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of outer hair cells of the organ of Corti?

A

relay sound information by way of the vestibulochoclear nerve

61
Q

Which of the following is the correct neural pathway for hearing?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve, medulla oblongata, inferior colliculus, thalamus, temporal lobe

62
Q

Sensory neurons ?

A

are psuedounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS

63
Q

Which division of the nervous system innervated involuntary effectors?

A

Autonomic nervous system

64
Q

The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by?

A

Oligodendrocytes

65
Q

Action potential transmission in the PNS is decreased if which cells are damaged?

A

Schwann cells

66
Q

The average resting membrane potential of an axon is?

A

-70 mV

67
Q

The minimum depolarization needed to open Na+ gates is called the ?

A

Threshold

68
Q

What process is needed to return a membrane to its resting membrane potential with all ions in the correct locations?

A

Na+/K+ pump

69
Q

The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor protein causes ion channels to open in the post-synaptic membrane. What type of gates are these?

A

Chemicaly-regulated gates and ligand-regulated gates

70
Q

What is present at the axon hillock that allows the production of action potentials?

A

Voltage gated channels

71
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are produced by?

A

Glutamic acid

72
Q

The most common neurotransmitter in the brain is?

A

GABA

73
Q

The function of _____ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses.

A

Association

74
Q

_______% of total blood flow to the body per minute foes to the brain.

A

15

75
Q

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus?

A

Upper motor neurons

76
Q

A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a ?

A

Gyrus

77
Q

Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ____ and ___ areas.

A

Broca’s and Wernicke’s

78
Q

The conversion of short term memory to long term memory is called?

A

Memory consolidation

79
Q

Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of ____ memory.

A

Procedural

80
Q

The _____ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an emotional content.

A

Amygdala

81
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus/

A

controls reactions to odors

82
Q

Releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary are produced in the?

A

Hypothalamus

83
Q

Ablation of the ____ in the midbrain would impair the ability to respond to sounds.

A

Inferior colliculi

84
Q

The medulla oblongata?

A

Contrains numerous vital centers

85
Q

Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata?

A

Thirst control

86
Q

Reflex arcs?

A

may have a single synapse

87
Q

Somatic motor reflexes involve?

A

Contraction of skeletal muscles

88
Q

The paravertebral and collateral ganglia are associated with the ____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

A

Sympathetic

89
Q

What occurs when one sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses on several postganglionic neurons?

A

Divergence

90
Q

_____ ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

A

Terminal

91
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors

92
Q

Bright light would stimulate regulation of pupil diameter through ____ nerves.

A

Parasympathetic

93
Q

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter

94
Q

Which organ receives only sympathetic innervation?

A

All apply

95
Q

Postganglionic ___ nerves release acetylcholine.

A

Parasympathetic

96
Q

“Synapses en passant” refers to the fact that postganglionic autonomic neurons release neurotransmitter?

A

Along the length of the axon

97
Q

Blocking B2 adrenergic receptors prevents airway?

A

Dilation

98
Q

The medulla oblongata controls many autonomic activities through the?

A

Vagus Nerve

99
Q

Damage to cutaneous receptors would limit the ability to detect all of the following except?

A

Body position

100
Q

Which type of receptor responds to physical deformation of its cell membrane?

A

Mechanoreceptors

101
Q

The capsaicin receptor serves as both an ion channel and a receptor for the molecule in chili peppers that causes sensation of?

A

Heat and Pain

102
Q

_____ is the perception of pain in a somatic location that is caused by damage to an internal organ and not by the activity somatic nociceptors.

A

Referred Pain

103
Q

How many neurons conduct sensory impulses from the periphery to the postcentral gyrus?

A

Three

104
Q

Which of the following are NOT types of tongue papillae?

A

Glossoform papillae

105
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear?

A

Cochlea

106
Q

The bending of the stereocilia of the organ of Corti opens membran channels that are permeable to mainly ___, which causes depolarization.

A

K+

107
Q

Spatial summation?

A

occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic cell

108
Q

Which poison inhibits glycine receptors?

A

Strychnine

Physiology Final (8 decks)

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