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Test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Condition when the inside of a cell has a higher solute than the outside of the cell.

A

Hypotonic

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1
Q

The variable that the experimenter manipulates.

A

Independent Variable

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2
Q

Multiple polypeptides bonded together is what level of protein structure?

A

Quaternary

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3
Q

When your body sweats, the water evaporates from your skin, taking heat from your body with it, cooling you down. Which property of water does this describe?

A

Heat of Vaporization

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4
Q

Water molecules stick to other water molecules.

A

Cohesion

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5
Q

Breaks down fatty acids and amino acids.

A

Peroxisome

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6
Q

Regulates water concentration.

A

Vacuole

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7
Q

What type of bond forms between amino acids to form proteins

A

Peptide bond

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8
Q

Linking molecules together to make a larger molecule and removing a water molecule.

A

Dehydration synthesis

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9
Q

A bond where electrons are given and taken, forming oppositely charged ions that are attracted to one another.

A

Ionic bond

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10
Q

A bond in which atoms share electrons equally.

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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11
Q

Interconnected cells with a common functions

A

Tissues

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12
Q

Organisms get bigger through internal changes and differences may occur as they age.

A

Growth & Development

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13
Q

Which two subatomic particles do you add together to get an elements atomic mass?

A

Proton and Neutrons

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14
Q

Which subatomic particles can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Proton and Neutron

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15
Q

You have a wilted stalk of celery. What type of solution do you need to put it in to have the celery become stiff again?

A

Hypotonic

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16
Q

Variables that the experimenter maintains, to limit their impact on the experiment’s results.

A

Control Variables

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17
Q

The variable that changes in response to the experimenter’s actions. Is generally what is being measured during the experiment.

A

Dependent variable

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18
Q

Baking soda would be considered

A

Basic

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19
Q

Lemon juice would be considered.

A

Acidic

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20
Q

Atomic Number

A

Top Number

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21
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Bottom Number

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22
Q

Water is capable of dissolving many different compounds.

A

Universal Solvent

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23
Q

It takes a relatively large amount of tension to break the surface of water.

A

Surface tension

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24
Q

Building blocks of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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25
Q

The type of molecule that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

A

Enzyme

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26
Q

Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

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27
Q

What type of bond links lipids together?

A

Ester Bond

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28
Q

The bond that is formed between atoms due to the partial charges formed through their polar covalent bonds.

A

Hydrogen Bond

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29
Q

Building blocks of proteins, (the monomer of proteins?)

A

Amino Acids

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30
Q

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

A

Osmosis

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31
Q

Organelle responsible for ribosome assembly

A

Nucleolus

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32
Q

The movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to high concentration.

A

Active Transport

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33
Q

The name for the particle when an atom gains or loses an electron.

A

Ion

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34
Q

The change in protein structure due to changing heat or pH.

A

Denaturization

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35
Q

Organisms maintain a balance inside of their cells.

A

Homeostasis

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36
Q

Which property of life is described: Living things have a series of leveled structure from atom -> molecules -> organelles -> Cells -> tissues -> Organs -> organ systems -> organism

A

Ordered Complexity

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37
Q

Site of lipid synthesis and detoxification.

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

38
Q

Science that is done for the sake of knowing more, without application considered.

A

Basic Science

39
Q

Organisms respond to changes in their external environment.

A

Sensitivity

40
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

41
Q

The formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets due to the hydrogen bonds in the backbone of the amino acids.

A

Secondary Structure

42
Q

An organisms displays characteristics of reproduction, ordered complexity, energy processing, sensitivity, and growth and development. Is it a living thing?

A

No

43
Q

This is utilized in some scientific experiments where a group is kept under normal conditions. They exist as a baseline of comparison for the experimental group.

A

Control Group

44
Q

The element that forms the backbone for life’s macromolecules due to its ability to form four bonds.

A

Carbon

45
Q

Organisms have a metabolism to drive internal chemical reactions.

A

Energy Processing

46
Q

What does science not study?

A

Supernatural

47
Q

A fatty acid with no double bonds is referred to as

A

A saturated fatty acid

48
Q

A proposed explanation based on observations.

A

Hypothesis

49
Q

How to find electrons/neutrons when you have atomic mass and atomic #.

A

Atomic Mass - Atomic # = Electron/neutrons

50
Q

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different arrangement of the atoms or bonds.

A

Isomers

51
Q

Cellular junction in animal cells allowing ions, nutrients and other materials to move between cells

A

Gap Junctions

52
Q

What structure is NOT found in all cells

A

Nucleus

53
Q

Type of bonding linking monosaccharides together

A

Glycosidic Bond

54
Q

Water takes a lot of energy to heat up and releases a lot of energy to cool down. Which property of water is this?

A

Heat Capacity

55
Q

The chemical bonds between
hydrogen and oxygen in
water are…?

A

Polar Covalent Bonds

56
Q

Oxygen pulls the shared
electron closer..

A

Slightly Negative Charge

57
Q

Hydrogen has a?

A

Slightly Positive Charge

58
Q

Macromolecules consist of individual subunits called…

A

Monomers

59
Q

Monomers are linked together via covalent bonds into..

A

Polymers

60
Q

process of breaking polymers down into individual
monomers…

A

Hydrolysis

61
Q

Provides energy to body, represented by (CH2O)n, has 3 subtypes: Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Glycosidic bond

A

Carbohydrates

62
Q

Long term energy store, provides insulation, serves as building blocks. Types include: Wax, fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids. Ester Bond

A

Lipids

63
Q

Hydrogens on same side
of chain.
Has a kink in the chain.
They cannot be packed tightly. Liquid at room temperature

A

cis configuration

64
Q

Hydrogens on
opposite side of chain.
No kink.
Can be created through processing.
Foods with trans-fat may increase LDL
cholesterol in humans (bad for heart

A

trans configuration

65
Q

Properties of Life? (6)

A

Ordered Complexity, Sensitivity to Stimuli, Reproduction, Growth and Development, Homeostasis, Energy Processing.

66
Q

Passive

A

No energy

67
Q

Active

A

Needs energy

68
Q

Plasma membrane is..?

A

Selectively Permeable, so some molecules go through and others dont.

69
Q

Extracellular fluid has higher osmolarity than the cytosol. Water leaves the cell.

A

Hypertonic

70
Q

Extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as cytosol. Water doesn’t move.

A

Isotonic

71
Q

Extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the cytosol. Water enters the cell.

A

Hypotonic

72
Q

An enclosing plasma membrane…

A

Separates the cell’s interior from environment.

73
Q

Cytoplasm is made out of…

A

Cytosol

74
Q

What synthesizes proteins?

A

Ribosomes

75
Q

DNA and RNA Monomers…?

A

Nucleotides

76
Q

Nucleotides 3 parts?

A

Pentose Sugar, Nitrogenous Base, One or More phosphate group.

77
Q

Pyrimidines, a Nitrogenous Base includes…?

A

Cytosine, thymine and uracil

78
Q

Purines, a Nitrogenous Base includes…?

A

Adenine and guanine.

79
Q

Deoxyribose, a pentose sugar is found where?

A

DNA

80
Q

Ribose, a pentose sugar is found where?

A

RNA

81
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

They constitute the genetic material of living organisms

82
Q

The types of nucleic acids?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).

83
Q

Where can Nucleic Acids be found?

A

Nucleus of Eukaryotic Cells, mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Prokaryotic cells (not membrane closed).

84
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

They’re catalysts in biochemical reactions. Speed up/slow down.

85
Q

Types of enzymes?

A

Anabolic, Catabolic, and Catalytic

86
Q

Anabolic function?

A

Builds more complex molecules

87
Q

Catabolic function?

A

breaks down substrates

88
Q

Catalytic Function?

A

Affects the rate of reaction

89
Q

Structure sequence of amino acids?

A

Primary Protein structure

90
Q

Hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into repeating pattern?

A

Secondary protein structure

91
Q

3 dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions?

A

Tertiary Protein Structure

92
Q

Protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain?

A

Quaternary Protein Structure

93
Q

Protein functions?

A

Regulatory, structural, & protective functions. Transport, enzymes and Toxins.

General Bio (8 decks)

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