Cell Exam Flashcards
What is DNA?
DNA is the genetic material for all living things.
What is DNA and RNA composed of?
Nucleotides
What shape is DNA?
Double helix shape with complementary strands.
What Enzymes are used in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase, Primase, Polymerase, Ligase
What does DNA Primase do?
Starts the replication process
What does DNA Helicase do?
Makes the replication fork, opens the DNA
What does DNA Polymerase do?
Brings in new nucleotides to make new strands of DNA
What does DNA Ligase do?
Glues together Okazaki fragments
What is Central Dogma?
Genetic information only flows in one direction
DNA is what for building proteins?
DNA is the instructions for building proteins.
DNA –>?
RNA –> Protein
What is transcription?
The DNA process of using a template strand of DNA and making a strand of mRNA.
What is the main enzyme used in transcription?
RNA Polymerase
What happens to the primary transcript in Transcription?
It is modified by cutting out introns through a process called splicing.
What is translation?
using an mRNA template to build a protein
What does mRNA have?
mRNA has codons, (a set of 3 nucleotides that corresponds to an amino acid)
What does tRNA have?
tRNA has corresponding anticodons and they carry the amino acids
Where do building proteins occur?
Within ribosomes
What does mitosis result in?
2 genetically identical diploid cells
What is mitosis preceded by?
Interphase