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microbio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

First step of Chain of Infection

A

Reservoir: where pathogen exists in nature

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2
Q

Second step of Chain of Infection

A

Transmission to host

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3
Q

Third step of Chain of Infection

A

Portals of entry

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4
Q

Fourth step of Chain of Infection

A

Attachment/invasion (susceptible host)

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5
Q

Fifth step of Chain of Infection

A

Disease/damage (susceptible host)

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6
Q

Sixth step of Chain of Infection

A

Portals of exit

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7
Q

What are symptoms?

A

Felt by patient, subjective

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8
Q

Signs of infection?

A

measurable

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9
Q

Syndrome of infection?

A

signs/symptoms that are characteristic of a disease

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10
Q

Asymptomatic of infection?

A

(subclinical), infected person doesn’t exhibit symptoms.

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11
Q

Infectious disease classification?

A

Caused by a pathogen

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12
Q

Communicable disease classification?

A

Spread from host to host

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13
Q

Contagious disease classification?

A

Easily / rapidly spreading

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14
Q

Nosocomial disease classification?

A

Contracted in a health care setting

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15
Q

Zoonotic disease classification?

A

Contracted from animal reservoir.

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16
Q

Acute duration of infection?

A

Rapid onset

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17
Q

Chronic duration of infection?

A

Prolonged onset, long term

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18
Q

Subacute duration of infection?

A

intermediate, symptoms appearing weeks after initial infection.

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19
Q

Latent duration of infection?

A

Inactive periods alternating with outbreaks.

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20
Q

What is Koch’s postulates?

A

“Scientific method” of pathogen identification.

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21
Q

How to link a pathogen to a certain disease 3rd step?

A

Cultured organism must cause disease in experimental hosts.

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22
Q

How to link a pathogen to a certain disease 1st step?

A

Pathogen must be present only in diseased host.

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23
Q

How to link a pathogen to a certain disease 2nd step?

A

Pathogen must be isolated from host & cultured.

24
Q

How to link a pathogen to a certain disease 4th step?

A

The same organism must be reisolated from experimental host.

25
Q

Kochs 1st limitation

A

The suspected causative agent must be absent from all healthy organisms but present in all diseased organisms.

26
Q

Kochs 2nd limitation

A

The causative agent must be isolated from the diseased organism and grown in pure culture.

27
Q

Kochs 3rd limitation

A

The cultured agent must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible organism.

28
Q

Kochs 4th limitation

A

The same causative agent must then be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased organism.

29
Q

Kochs limitations overall

A

E-carriers, some organisms cannot be cultured, different hosts have different susceptibilities

30
Q

What do molecular postulates do?

A

They focus on genetics of pathogens

31
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A

Ability to cause disease

31
Q

ID50 (infectious dose)

A

number of particles required cause disease in 50% of hosts

32
Q

Molecular postulates info.

A

Virulence genes are only present in pathogenic strains and inactivating the gene inhibits pathogenicity.

Still limited

33
Q

What is virulence?

A

Degree of pathogenicity

34
Q

LD50 (lethal dose)

A

amount required to cause death in 50% of hosts

  • usually for toxins
35
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

the distribution and timing of outbreaks.

36
Q

What are the components of epidemiology?

A

transmission, reservoirs, recognizing & controlling outbreaks, and etiology.

37
Q

what is reservoirs in epidemiology?

A

environmental issues and characteristics

38
Q

what is transmission in epidemiology?

A

following chain of infection

39
Q

what is etiology in epidemiology?

A

the cause (how did everything cause the outbreak)

40
Q

How do diseases affect populations?

A

Morbidity, mortality, prevalence, and incidence

41
Q

What is morbidity in diseased populations?

A

Number/rate of infected/diseased subjects

42
Q

What is mortality in diseased populations?

A

Number/rate of death

43
Q

What is prevalence in diseased populations?

A

Proportion infected at a particular time

44
Q

What is incidence in diseased populations?

A

Proportion of new infections in a time period.

45
Q

What are the patterns of incidence

A

sporadic, endemic, epidemic, and pandemic.

46
Q

What is sporadic pattern of incidence?

A

Occurs occasionally, random distribution

47
Q

What is epidemic pattern of incidence?

A

High incidence, short time, limited area.

47
Q

What is pandemic pattern of incidence?

A

Worldwide epidemic

47
Q

What is endemic pattern of incidence?

A

Occurs regularly, even distribution

48
Q

What is etiology components?

A

Kochs postulates and molecular Koch’s.

49
Q

What are the types of pathogen habitats?

A

Reservoir, carrier, active and passive.

50
Q

Reservoir pathogen habitat?

A

Can inhabit soil and water and animals

51
Q

Carrier pathogen habitat?

A

Human reservoir

52
Q

Active pathogen habitat?

A

Infected carrier; may be asymptomatic

53
Q
A
53
Q

Passive pathogen habitat?

A

Not infected; mechanical transmission (on body).

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