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General Bio > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Central Dogma

A

DNA is first transcribed into mRNA, then mRNA strands are translated into proteins.

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2
Q

RNA complementary strand letters.

A

A-U, T-A, C-G, G-C

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3
Q

DNA complementary strand letters.

A

A-T, T-A, G-C, C-G

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4
Q

Enzymes in DNA replication?

A

DNA Polymerase, Helicases, Ligase and primase

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5
Q

What does DNA polymerase do?

A

Matches existing DNA bases with complementary nucleotides and links them.

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6
Q

What does Helicases do?

A

Unwinds DNA

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7
Q

What does Ligase do?

A

Glues together Okazaki fragments

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8
Q

What does primase do?

A

Puts down primase/primer.

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9
Q

What are Okazaki fragments?

A

Short sequences of DNA nucleotides.

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10
Q

Enzyme in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

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11
Q

What does RNA polymerase do?

A

makes mRNA strand from DNA template.

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12
Q

What types of RNA are there?

A

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

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12
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

Carries genetic information from the DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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12
Q

What does rRNA do?

A

It’s a part of ribosome.

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13
Q

What does tRNA do?

A

Brings the amino acids to ribosomes according to mRNA code. Transports amino acids.

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14
Q

Types of mutations?

A

Silent mutation, Missense mutation, nonsense mutation, insertion, Frameshift

15
Q

What is a silent mutation?

A

No amino acid change

16
Q

What is a missense mutation?

A

Amino acid substitution.

17
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

Premature stop codon

18
Q

What is an insertion mutation?

A

DNA segment added or removed

19
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?

A

Reading frame shifted

20
Q

Where does DNA replication occur?

A

Nucleus

21
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

Nucleus

22
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

Ribosome/cytoplasm

23
Q

Differences between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded. DNA uses base thymine, RNA uses base uracil. DNA is sugar deoxyribose, RNA is sugar ribose.

General Bio (8 decks)

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