Evolution Exam Flashcards
Natural Selection
Favors traits that help the organism survive and reproduce.
Fitness
Ability to survive and reproduce
Evolution
Change in allele frequency in a population.
How does evolution act?
Acts on populations
What do fossils show?
Descent with modification.
What is artificial selection?
Humans choose which phenotypes they want and breed those individuals so their can be more organisms with those traits they like.
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium conditions?
Random mating, no mutations, population size is large, No transferring genes, no selection
Hardy Weinberg always starts with…?
a mutation
Disruptive Selection
Acts to eliminate intermediate types
Homologous structures?
The similar construction of appendages that show organisms have a similar ancestor. Same evolution, new structure and function.
What is convergent evolution?
Independently, similar phenotypes will evolve in distantly related species due to the same evolutionary pressures.
Vestigial Structures
Have no apparent function but resembles structures their ancestors had
Directional Selection
acts to eliminate one extreme.
Stabilizing Selection
Acts to eliminate both extremes.
Geographic isolation
populations of organisms live in different areas where they will no longer reproduce with one another.
Ecological (habitat) isolation
Organisms occupy the same region but live in different habitats within that region.