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General Bio > Nutrition 2 Quiz > Flashcards

Nutrition 2 Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Organic Compounds & coenzymes.

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2
Q

What is vitamins cal/g?

A

0

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3
Q

Is fat-soluble or water-soluble more toxic?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

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4
Q

Do fat-soluble or water-soluble need more frequent ingestion?

A

Water-soluble vitamins because fat-soluble is stored in body.

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5
Q

What vitamins are only conditionally nonessential?

A

D, K, and B7

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6
Q

What is an essential vitamin?

A

It can’t be synthesized by the body, needs to be obtained by food.

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7
Q

What vitamin is fat soluble and includes…

Function: related to vision

Food source: liver (formed vitamin A) and carrots (precursor)

Toxicity: nerve damage (w formed vitamin A), no toxicity (with precursor)

Deficiency: night blindness

A

Vitamin A (retinal)

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8
Q

What vitamin is fat soluble and includes…

function: increased calcium absorption

food source: 10-20 mins of direct sunlight, few good sources, or supplements/fortified foods.

Toxicity: excessive levels can cause kidney stones

Deficiency: rickets, bowed legs/bone disformity

A

Vitamin D (calcitriol)

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9
Q

What vitamin is fat soluble and includes…

function: cell membrane integrity

food source: olive oil (raw, straight oil)

Toxicity: blood clotting problems, excessively thin blood

Deficiency: chronic inflammation

A

Vitamin E (tocopherol)

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10
Q

What vitamin is fat soluble and includes…

function: blood clotting (bone mineral density)

food source: leafy greens (spinach, kale, seaweeds) (dark)

Toxicity: no known toxicity

Deficiency: too little can cause a clotting disorder

A

Vitamin K (Quinone)

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11
Q

What are phytochemicals?

A

non-nutrient chemicals in food that can contribute to human health.

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11
Q

What is turmeric for?

A

Digestive system

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11
Q

What does Phyto mean?

A

Plant

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12
Q

What is fucoxanthin for?

A

metabolism

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13
Q

What is resveratrol for?

A

Cardiovascular system, heart health

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14
Q

What is Allicin for?

A

Immune system

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15
Q

What is fisetin for?

A

Nervous system (mainly memory)

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16
Q

What is curcumin for?

A

Intestinal/gut health

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17
Q

What vitamin is water soluble and includes…

Function: Collagen synthesis

Food source: Kiwi, oranges, raw peppers

Toxicity: Abdominal stress and diarrhea

Deficiency: Scurvy, brittle bones, rupture in skin

A

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

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18
Q

What vitamin is water soluble and includes…

Function: All associated with energy production in body

Food source: Whole grains & meat

Toxicity:

Deficiency: Feeling malaise/tired or fatigued.

A

Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12

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19
Q

What is B1?

A

Thiamine –> beri beri

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20
Q

What is B2?

A

Riboflavin –> Angular cholitis

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21
Q

What is B3?

A

Niacin –> Nonessential pelagra

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22
Q

What is B5?

A

Pantothenic acid

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23
Q

What is B6?

A

Pyrimidine

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24
Q

What is B7?

A

Biotin

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25
Q

What is B9?

A

Folate

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25
Q

What is B12?

A

Cobalamin

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26
Q

What vitamin is water soluble and includes…

Function: Neurotransmitter

Food source: Egg yolks

Toxicity: no known

Deficiency: no known

A

Choline

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27
Q

What is nutrient dense?

A

amount of nutrients / calories

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28
Q

Superfood nutrient density?

A

high

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29
Q

Empty calorie nutrient density?

A

low

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30
Q

What is energy density?

A

calories / weight

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31
Q

What is the serving equivalent of a palm?

A

3-4 oz

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32
Q

What is the serving equivalent of a thumbpad?

A

tablespoon

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32
Q

What is the serving equivalent of a fist?

A

1 cup

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33
Q

What is AI?

A

Adequate intake, lacks research

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33
Q

What is RDA?

A

Recommended daily allowance, adequacy & evidence based

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33
Q

What is the serving equivalent of knuckles?

A

1/2 cup

34
Q

What is UL?

A

Tolerable upper Limit, Safety

34
Q

What is the serving equivalent of a index fingerpad?

A

teaspoon

35
Q

What is CDRRI?

A

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake, adequacy for specific diseases

36
Q

What is EER?

A

Estimated energy requirement, daily energy requirement to maintain body weight for an individual of a particular age, sex, height, weight, and physical activity level.

37
Q

What MUST food labels include?

A
  • The common or usual name of the product
  • The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor
  • The net contents in term of weight, measure or count.
  • The nutrient contents of the product (nutrient facts panel)
  • The ingredients in descending order of predominance by weight and in ordinary language
  • Essential warnings, such as alerts about ingredients that often cause allergic reactions or other problems.
37
Q

What MAY food labels include?

A

Nutrient claims: high in fiber, low cholesterol - must meet defined criteria outlines by government.

Health claims: heart healthy, reduces risk of high blood pressure, - FDA must approve

Structure-function claims: these are the same/similar to health claims - must contain disclaimer that the FDA doesn’t approve.

37
Q

What is AMDR?

A

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range, recommended nutrient percentages

38
Q

What is DV?

A

Daily value, estimated values based on 2000 calorie diet

39
Q

What is the cal/g of water?

A

0

40
Q

How much water does a women need per day?

A

9 cups

41
Q

Where is water mostly absorbed?

A

Large intestine

41
Q

What does 3-6% BW of fluid loss mean?

A

dehydration

41
Q

How much water does a man need a day?

A

13 cups

42
Q

2% BW after exercise replacement required. How much fluid replacement is needed?

A

150% fluid replacement needed

43
Q

What is the cal/g of minerals?

A

0 cal/g

43
Q

What does over 7% BW of fluid loss mean?

A

heat stroke, seizures, and possible death

44
Q

What are minerals?

A

They are inorganic & cofactors.

They are major above 100 mg
- Sodium/chloride/Potassium (blood related major minerals)

-calcium/phosphorous/magnesium (bone related major minerals)

45
Q

What major mineral includes:

  • function: major electrolyte that helps with water balance
  • source: food preparation
  • toxicity: high blood pressure
  • deficiency: no known deficiency
A

Sodium

46
Q

What major mineral includes:

  • function: stomach acid
  • source: food prep
  • toxicity: acidosis
  • deficiency: no known deficiency
A

Chloride

47
Q

What major mineral includes:

  • function: Sodium antagonist (relaxes tissues)
  • source: baked potato with skin
  • toxicity: heart failure (way excessive)
  • deficiency: GERD
A

Potassium

48
Q

What major mineral includes:

  • function: important for bone development
  • source: dairy foods/sources
  • toxicity: Heart arrhythmia
  • deficiency: osteoporosis
A

Calcium

49
Q

What major mineral includes:

  • function: Cofactor (assists enzymes) (one of the most important enzyme helpers)
  • source: cooked beans or really dark chocolate
  • toxicity: Diarrhea
  • deficiency: seizures
A

Magnesium

50
Q

What major mineral includes:

  • function: Energy processes
  • source: dairy
  • toxicity: tissue mineralization
  • deficiency: fatigue
A

Phosphorous

51
Q

What is a trace mineral?

A

Less than 100 mg

52
Q

What trace mineral has to do with red blood cells, and causes anemia with deficiency?

A

Iron

53
Q

What trace mineral is an antioxidant?

A

Selenium

54
Q

What trace mineral is a part of the thyroid hormone?

A

Iodine

55
Q

What trace mineral causes Wilson’s disease with toxicity and a storage disorder?

A

Copper

56
Q

What trace mineral detoxifies in the body?

A

Manganese

57
Q

What trace mineral causes the requirement of a feeding tube with deficiency?

A

Molybdenum

58
Q

What trace mineral is helpful for cavity prevention?

A

Fluoride

59
Q

What trace mineral is important for the immune system?

A

Zinc

60
Q

What are the 8 trace minerals?

A

iron, selenium, copper, zinc, fluoride, manganese, molybdenum, iodine.

61
Q

Vitamin A (retinal) function?

A

related to vision

62
Q

Vitamin A (retinal) food source?

A

liver (preformed vit a) or carrots (precursor)

63
Q

Vitamin A (retinal) toxicity?

A

nerve damage (with formed vit a only)

64
Q

Vitamin A (retinal) deficiency?

A

night blindness

65
Q

Vitamin D (Calcitriol) function?

A

increased calcium absorption

66
Q

Vitamin D (Calcitriol) food sources?

A

10-20 mins of direct sunlight, or supplements/fortified foods.

67
Q

Vitamin D (Calcitriol) toxicity?

A

kidney stones at excessive levels

68
Q

Vitamin D (Calcitriol) deficiency?

A

rickets, bowed legs/bone deformity

69
Q

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) function?

A

cell membrane integrity

70
Q

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) food sources?

A

raw/straight olive oil

71
Q

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) toxicity?

A

blood clotting problems & excessively thin blood

72
Q

Vitamin E (Tocopherol) deficiency?

A

chronic inflammation

73
Q

Vitamin K (Quinone) function?

A

blood clotting (bone mineral density)

74
Q

Vitamin K (Quinone) food sources?

A

leafy greens (spinach, kale, seaweed) (dark)

75
Q

Vitamin K (Quinone) toxicity?

A

no known toxicity

76
Q

Vitamin K (Quinone) deficiency?

A

clotting disorder

77
Q

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) function?

A

Collagen synthesis

78
Q

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) food sources?

A

kiwi, oranges, raw peppers

79
Q

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) toxicity?

A

abdominal stress & diarrhea

80
Q

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) deficiency?

A

scurvy, brittle bones, rupture in skin

81
Q

Choline function?

A

neurotransmitter

82
Q

Choline food sources?

A

egg yolks

83
Q

Choline toxicity?

A

no known

84
Q

Choline deficiency?

A

no known

85
Q
A

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