Test 1 Flashcards
above
superior
below
inferior
head of body
cranial
away from head
caudal
back
posterior
back
dorsal
front
anterior
front
ventral
toward midline
medial
toward trunk/origin
proximal
away from trunk/origin
distal
at or close to surface
superficial
farther from surface
deep
axial or horizontal
transverse plane
coronal (front and back)
frontal plane
midline (left and right)
sagital plane
lining on inside covering organs
visceral layer
forms outside wall of cavity
parietal layer
back of head
occipital
wall of a cavity
parietal
forehead region/anterior cranial vault
frontal
temples/side of head
temporal
eye region
orbital
underneath eye
infraorbital
cheekbone area
zygomatic
cheek, from perioral to ear
buccal
mouth and around mouth
oral and perioral
chin
mental
nose
nasal
a bundle of neuron axons in peripheral nervous system
nerve
nerves connecting to brain
cranial
nerves connecting to spine
spinal
part of neuron receiving incoming signals
dendrites
part of neuron with nucleus and organelles
cell body
part of neuron carrying outgoing signals
axon
composed of all nervous tissue outside central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
caries information to and from CNS
peripheral nervous system
in the afferent division of PNS
sensory neurons
convey sensory information to CNS
sensory neurons
in the efferent division of PNS
motor neurons
carry commands from CNS to effectors
motor neurons
tubular passage or tunnel
canal
an open slit in a bone that usually houses nerves and blood vessels
fissure
a hole through which nerves and blood vessels pass
foramen
shallow depression or space
fossa
a furrow in the bone surface that runs along the length of a vessel or nerve
groove
a tube-like channel that extends within the bone
meatus
a cavity within any organ or tissue
sinus
joint with no movement
synathrosis
joint with little movement
amphiarthrosis
joint with free movement
diarthrosis
what are the functional categories of joints
synathrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diathrosis
what are the structural categories of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
V1 passes through this in the sphenoid bone to reach the orbit
superior orbital fissure
V2 passes through this in the spenoid bone to reach the pterygopalatine fossa
foramen rotundum
V3 passes through this in the spenoid bone to reach the infratemporal fossa
foramen ovale
passes through the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone into the pterygopalatine fossa
V2
what nerves branch off of V2
posterior superior alveolar nerve and infraorbital nerve
branch of V2 that conveys sensation from the maxillary molar, as well as their buccal gingiva
posterior superior alveolar nerve
branch of V2 which runs through the infraorbital canal of the maxilla
infraorbital nerve
what are the nerves that branch from the infraorbital nerve
middle superior alveolar nerve and anterior superior alveolar nerve
conveys sensation from the maxillary premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar, as well as the buccal gingiva of the premolars
middle superior alveolar nerve
conveys sensation from the maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine, as well as the buccal gingiva of these teeth
anterior superior alveolar nerve
infraorbital nerve exits the maxilla through what
infraorbital foramen
branch of V2 that conveys sensation from the soft palate, uvula, and palatine tonsil
lesser palatine nerve
branch of V2 that conveys sensation from the hard palate as well as the palatal gingiva of posterior maxillary teeth
greater palatine nerve
nerves travel through this to reach oral cavity
greater and lesser palatine foramina
part of V2 that conveys sensation from the nasal septum and the most anterior part of the hard palate, as well as the palatal gingiva of the anterior maxillary teeth
nasopalatine nerve
what does the nasopalatine nerve enter the nasal cavity through
incisive foramen
passes through the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone into the infratemporal fossa
V3
branch of V3 that conveys sensory information from the mandibular teeth
inferior alveolar nerve
where does the inferior alveolar nerve enter the mandible
mandibular foramen
what are the two nerves that branch from the inferior alveolar nerve
incisive nerve and mental nerve
conveys sensation from anterior mandibular teeth
incisive nerve
conveys sensation from the chin and lower lip, and from the buccal gingiva of teeth anterior to the mental foramen
mental nerve
where does the mental nerve exit
mental foramen
conveys sensation from the floor of the mouth, body of the tongue, and the lingual gingiva of the mandibular teeth
lingual nerve
does the lingual nerve convey sensation or taste?
sensation
conveys sensory information from the cheek and from the buccal gingiva of the mandibular teeth posterior to the mental foramen
buccal nerve
sends commands to skeletal muscles involved in mastication
motor nerves
what are the motor nerves that send commands to skeletal muscles involved in mastication
deep temporal
masseteric
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
innervates the mylohyoid muscle
mylohyoid nerve
bilateral synovial joint between mandible and temporal bones
TMJ
in a synovial joint the bones are joined by a what
fibrous capsule
synovial joints move within the _______ of a capsule
cavity
up
elevation
down
depression
back (movement)
retraction
forward (movement)
protraction
left and right (movement)
lateral excursion
what are the muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid
pulls mandible up and back
temporalis
pulls mandible up
masseter and medial pterygoid
pulls mandible forward
lateral pterygoid
where is the TMJ palpated
at a depression inferior to the zygomatic arch and anterior to the ear; posteriorly through the external auditory canal
a depression on the inferior aspect of the temporal bone
mandibular fossa
a smooth, rounded protuberance on the temporal bone anterior to the mandibular fossa
articular eminence
what is the outer layer of the joint capsule enclosing the TMJ composed of
thick fibrous connective tissue
what is the inner layer of the joint capsule enclosing the TMJ composed of
synovial membrane
deformable pad between articulating bone discs made of dense fibrous connective tissue
articular disc
prevents mandible moving too far back
temporomandibular ligament
prevents mandible moving too far forward
stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments
located in the space between the mandibular ramus and sphenomandibular ligament
inferior alveolar nerve
sensation from the TMJ is carried by the ___________
auriculotemporal nerve
blood supply to the TMJ comes from the ____________
external carotid artery
what part of the TMJ mechanism is the rotating part
hinge
what part of the TMJ mechanism is the translating part
gliding joint
