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Semester 2 Biological Sciences 2 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

above

A

superior

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2
Q

below

A

inferior

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3
Q

head of body

A

cranial

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4
Q

away from head

A

caudal

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5
Q

back

A

posterior

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6
Q

back

A

dorsal

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7
Q

front

A

anterior

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8
Q

front

A

ventral

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9
Q

toward midline

A

medial

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10
Q

toward trunk/origin

A

proximal

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11
Q

away from trunk/origin

A

distal

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12
Q

at or close to surface

A

superficial

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13
Q

farther from surface

A

deep

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14
Q

axial or horizontal

A

transverse plane

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15
Q

coronal (front and back)

A

frontal plane

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16
Q

midline (left and right)

A

sagital plane

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17
Q

lining on inside covering organs

A

visceral layer

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18
Q

forms outside wall of cavity

A

parietal layer

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19
Q

back of head

A

occipital

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20
Q

wall of a cavity

A

parietal

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21
Q

forehead region/anterior cranial vault

A

frontal

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22
Q

temples/side of head

A

temporal

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23
Q

eye region

A

orbital

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24
Q

underneath eye

A

infraorbital

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25
Q

cheekbone area

A

zygomatic

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26
Q

cheek, from perioral to ear

A

buccal

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27
Q

mouth and around mouth

A

oral and perioral

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28
Q

chin

A

mental

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29
Q

nose

A

nasal

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30
Q

a bundle of neuron axons in peripheral nervous system

A

nerve

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31
Q

nerves connecting to brain

A

cranial

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32
Q

nerves connecting to spine

A

spinal

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33
Q

part of neuron receiving incoming signals

A

dendrites

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34
Q

part of neuron with nucleus and organelles

A

cell body

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35
Q

part of neuron carrying outgoing signals

A

axon

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36
Q

composed of all nervous tissue outside central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system

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37
Q

caries information to and from CNS

A

peripheral nervous system

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38
Q

in the afferent division of PNS

A

sensory neurons

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39
Q

convey sensory information to CNS

A

sensory neurons

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40
Q

in the efferent division of PNS

A

motor neurons

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41
Q

carry commands from CNS to effectors

A

motor neurons

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42
Q

tubular passage or tunnel

A

canal

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43
Q

an open slit in a bone that usually houses nerves and blood vessels

A

fissure

44
Q

a hole through which nerves and blood vessels pass

A

foramen

45
Q

shallow depression or space

A

fossa

46
Q

a furrow in the bone surface that runs along the length of a vessel or nerve

A

groove

47
Q

a tube-like channel that extends within the bone

A

meatus

48
Q

a cavity within any organ or tissue

A

sinus

49
Q

joint with no movement

A

synathrosis

50
Q

joint with little movement

A

amphiarthrosis

51
Q

joint with free movement

A

diarthrosis

52
Q

what are the functional categories of joints

A

synathrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diathrosis

53
Q

what are the structural categories of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

54
Q

V1 passes through this in the sphenoid bone to reach the orbit

A

superior orbital fissure

55
Q

V2 passes through this in the spenoid bone to reach the pterygopalatine fossa

A

foramen rotundum

56
Q

V3 passes through this in the spenoid bone to reach the infratemporal fossa

A

foramen ovale

57
Q

passes through the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone into the pterygopalatine fossa

A

V2

58
Q

what nerves branch off of V2

A

posterior superior alveolar nerve and infraorbital nerve

59
Q

branch of V2 that conveys sensation from the maxillary molar, as well as their buccal gingiva

A

posterior superior alveolar nerve

60
Q

branch of V2 which runs through the infraorbital canal of the maxilla

A

infraorbital nerve

61
Q

what are the nerves that branch from the infraorbital nerve

A

middle superior alveolar nerve and anterior superior alveolar nerve

62
Q

conveys sensation from the maxillary premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar, as well as the buccal gingiva of the premolars

A

middle superior alveolar nerve

63
Q

conveys sensation from the maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine, as well as the buccal gingiva of these teeth

A

anterior superior alveolar nerve

64
Q

infraorbital nerve exits the maxilla through what

A

infraorbital foramen

65
Q

branch of V2 that conveys sensation from the soft palate, uvula, and palatine tonsil

A

lesser palatine nerve

66
Q

branch of V2 that conveys sensation from the hard palate as well as the palatal gingiva of posterior maxillary teeth

A

greater palatine nerve

67
Q

nerves travel through this to reach oral cavity

A

greater and lesser palatine foramina

68
Q

part of V2 that conveys sensation from the nasal septum and the most anterior part of the hard palate, as well as the palatal gingiva of the anterior maxillary teeth

A

nasopalatine nerve

69
Q

what does the nasopalatine nerve enter the nasal cavity through

A

incisive foramen

70
Q

passes through the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone into the infratemporal fossa

A

V3

71
Q

branch of V3 that conveys sensory information from the mandibular teeth

A

inferior alveolar nerve

72
Q

where does the inferior alveolar nerve enter the mandible

A

mandibular foramen

73
Q

what are the two nerves that branch from the inferior alveolar nerve

A

incisive nerve and mental nerve

74
Q

conveys sensation from anterior mandibular teeth

A

incisive nerve

75
Q

conveys sensation from the chin and lower lip, and from the buccal gingiva of teeth anterior to the mental foramen

A

mental nerve

76
Q

where does the mental nerve exit

A

mental foramen

77
Q

conveys sensation from the floor of the mouth, body of the tongue, and the lingual gingiva of the mandibular teeth

A

lingual nerve

78
Q

does the lingual nerve convey sensation or taste?

A

sensation

79
Q

conveys sensory information from the cheek and from the buccal gingiva of the mandibular teeth posterior to the mental foramen

A

buccal nerve

80
Q

sends commands to skeletal muscles involved in mastication

A

motor nerves

81
Q

what are the motor nerves that send commands to skeletal muscles involved in mastication

A

deep temporal
masseteric
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

82
Q

innervates the mylohyoid muscle

A

mylohyoid nerve

83
Q

bilateral synovial joint between mandible and temporal bones

A

TMJ

84
Q

in a synovial joint the bones are joined by a what

A

fibrous capsule

85
Q

synovial joints move within the _______ of a capsule

A

cavity

86
Q

up

A

elevation

87
Q

down

A

depression

88
Q

back (movement)

A

retraction

89
Q

forward (movement)

A

protraction

90
Q

left and right (movement)

A

lateral excursion

91
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid

92
Q

pulls mandible up and back

A

temporalis

93
Q

pulls mandible up

A

masseter and medial pterygoid

94
Q

pulls mandible forward

A

lateral pterygoid

95
Q

where is the TMJ palpated

A

at a depression inferior to the zygomatic arch and anterior to the ear; posteriorly through the external auditory canal

96
Q

a depression on the inferior aspect of the temporal bone

A

mandibular fossa

97
Q

a smooth, rounded protuberance on the temporal bone anterior to the mandibular fossa

A

articular eminence

98
Q

what is the outer layer of the joint capsule enclosing the TMJ composed of

A

thick fibrous connective tissue

99
Q

what is the inner layer of the joint capsule enclosing the TMJ composed of

A

synovial membrane

100
Q

deformable pad between articulating bone discs made of dense fibrous connective tissue

A

articular disc

101
Q

prevents mandible moving too far back

A

temporomandibular ligament

102
Q

prevents mandible moving too far forward

A

stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments

103
Q

located in the space between the mandibular ramus and sphenomandibular ligament

A

inferior alveolar nerve

104
Q

sensation from the TMJ is carried by the ___________

A

auriculotemporal nerve

105
Q

blood supply to the TMJ comes from the ____________

A

external carotid artery

106
Q

what part of the TMJ mechanism is the rotating part

A

hinge

107
Q

what part of the TMJ mechanism is the translating part

A

gliding joint

Semester 2 Biological Sciences 2 (16 decks)

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