Oral and Craniofacial Development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what period occurs in days 0-7

A

pre-implantation period

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2
Q

in the pre-implantation period, the zygote forms into a _________ and then a _________

A

morula
blastocyst

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3
Q

in days 7-14, implantation occurs and what forms

A

bilaminar disc

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4
Q

what process occurs in days 14-21

A

gastrulation

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5
Q

what process starts in days 14-21

A

beginning of neurulation and folding

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6
Q

what happens in days 21-28

A

closure of the neural tube and folding

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7
Q

Folding produces a somewhat tubular emery with ____________ around the outside, ________ lining the inside, and __________ between those two

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

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8
Q

Where does the stomodeum develop

A

In the ectoderm between the brain and heart

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9
Q

Separates the primitive oral cavity from the primitive pharynx at the beginning of the primitive gut

A

Oropharyngeal membrane

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10
Q

What emerges in week 4

A

Facial processes

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11
Q

Budges that will form the centers of growth for the face

A

Facial prominences or facial processes

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12
Q

What are the facial processes

A

Frontonasal process
Pair of maxillary processes
Pair of mandibular processes

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13
Q

In the adult, the upper face is derived from the ____________

A

Frontonasal process

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14
Q

In the adult, the midface is derived from the ____________

A

Maxillary processes

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15
Q

In the adult, the lower face is derived from the ____________

A

Mandibular processes

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16
Q

What will the Frontonasal process give rise to

A

Forehead, nose, philtrum, upper incisors, and part of palate

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17
Q

What will the maxillary processes give rise to

A

Temporal bones, zygomatic bones, cheeks, sides of upper lip, most of maxilla, most of palate, and upper dentition (not including incisors)

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18
Q

What will the mandibular processes give rise to

A

Lower lip, mandible, and lower dentition

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19
Q

The oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates so that the ___________ is open to the primitive pharynx

A

Stomodeum

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20
Q

The mandibular processes grow towards the midline and fuse to form the _____________, which will form the lower lip and mandible

A

Mandibular arch

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21
Q

The maxillary processes start to grow superiorly and anteriorly to the stomodeum, in preparation for forming most of the ___________, __________, and the ___________

A

Upper lip, palate, and maxilla

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22
Q

Areas of specialized thickened ectoderm develop at the surface of the embryo to form __________

A

Placodes

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23
Q

The nasal placodes will develop into the _________

A

Olfactory epithelium

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24
Q

The lens placodes will form the ___________

A

Lenses of the eye

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25
The otic placodes will become the _____________
Internal ear
26
The tissue around the nasal placodes undergoes growth, and the placodes become submerged forming depressions called ____________
Nasal pits
27
The crescent shaped growths on the medial side of each nasal pit are known as the ______________
Medial nasal processes
28
The growths on the lateral sides of each nasal pit are known as __________
Lateral nasal processes
29
The medial nasal processes will fuse together to form piece of tissue called the intermaxillary segment which will form what
Middle of the nose from root to apex, philtrum, tubercle of upper lip, upper incisors, and part of palate
30
The lateral nasal processes will form the what
Lateral portions of the nose and the alae of the nose
31
The maxillary processes fuse with the:
Medial nasal processes to form the upper lip Lateral nasal processes And mandibular processes
32
Arise from lack of, or incomplete, fusion of various facial processes
Clefts
33
Clefts can be caused by:
Genetic or environmental factors
34
While the face is developing, what else is developing
Branchial arches
35
What are the tissues of the first branchial arch
Maxillary processes and mandibular processes
36
The maxillary processes are actually outgrowths of the _____________
Mandibular processes
37
The mandibular processes fuse to form the _____________, which is actually the first branchial arch
Mandibular arch
38
The branchial arches give rise to the structures of the:
Face and neck
39
How many prominent branchial arches are there in humans
4
40
Each arch is composed of _________ on the outer surface, _________ beneath the ectoderm, and ________ on the inner surface
Ectoderm Mesodermal Endoderm
41
The branchial arches are separated by a ___________ on the outer surface and a ___________ on the inner surface
groove/cleft pharyngeal pouch
42
Pharyngeal pouches are evaginations of the ________________
primitive pharynx
43
Mesoderm invaded with neural crest cells becomes a special tissue called ______________
ectomesenchyme
44
The neural crest cells that migrate into the branchial arches contribute to the development of various craniofacial tissues, including _______________
bone and all dental tissues except enamel
45
Each branchial arch develops a:
*Nerve component *Muscular component *Vascular component *Cartilage rod
46
What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the first branchial arch
Nerve: CN V Muscle: muscles of mastication Bone and cartilage: meckel’s cartilage, mandible, maxilla, incus and malleus of inner ear
47
What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the second branchial arch
Nerve: CN VII (facial) Muscle: muscles of facial expression Bone and cartilage: hyoid bone and stapes of inner ear
48
What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the third branchial arch
Nerve: CN IX (glossopharyngeal) Muscle: stylopharyngeus Bone and cartilage: hyoid bone
49
What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the fourth branchial arch
Nerve: CN X (vagus) Muscle: pharyngeal constrictors Bone and cartilage: laryngeal cartilages
50
The mucosa of the tongue forms from swellings derived from the __________
inner aspects of the branchial arches
51
The mucosa of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue develops from __________
branchial arch 1
52
The mucosa of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develops mostly from ____________
branchial arch 3
53
What are the swellings that will form the tongue
Tuberculum impar (from 1st arch) Lingual swellings (from 1st arch) Hypobranchial eminence (from part of 4th arch and mostly 3rd arch, overgrows 2nd arch)
54
from the first arch, the lingual swellings emerge during the ____ week of development lateral to the tuberculum impar
5th
55
The lingual swellings grow forward and merge to form the _______________
anterior 2/3 (body) of the tongue
56
the hypobranchial eminence forms from the _____ arch and parts of the _____ arch
3rd 4th
57
The hypobranchial eminence overgrows the second arch and merges with the lingual swellings to form the ________________
posterior 1/3 (root) of the tongue
58
the epiglottis forms from the _____ arch
4th
59
Area where thyroid gland develops
Foramen cecum
60
The body of the tongue eventually separates from the floor of the mouth, except at the ____________
lingual frenum
61
What occurs if the body of the tongue doesn’t fully separate from the floor of the mouth
Ankyloglossia
62
The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are thought to be formed from cells that migrate from the _____________
occipital somites
63
Occipital somites migrate into the developing tongue and bring their own nerve supply:
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
64
Fusion of the medial nasal processes forms the ________________
intermaxillary segment
65
the intermaxillary segment will give rise to the __________________
middle of the nose and philtrum
66
Within the oral cavity, the intermaxillary segment will form the _____________, which will give rise to the anterior portion of the hard palate
primary palate
67
the maxillary processes grow lateral projections into the oral cavity called the _________________
palatal shelves
68
The palatal shelves will eventually fuse together to form the _______________
secondary palate
69
The secondary palate will give rise to the ________________________
posterior portion of the hard palate, the soft palate and the Uvula
70
The primary palate grows to meet the _________________
palatal shelves
71
The palatal shelves fuse to form the __________________
secondary palate
72
The primary palate and secondary palate eventually fuse to complete the ________________
entire palate
73
When does lifting of the head occur
Week 7-9
74
Rotating/lifting of the head helps the tongue move out of the way so that the palatal shelves can grow in what direction
Down
75
The medial nasal processes give rise to the:
Middle of the nose Philtrum Tubercle of upper lip Maxillary incisors Anterior of hard palate
76
The maxillary processes give rise to the:
Cheeks Labial commissure Sides of the upper lip Maxillary canines & posterior teeth Posterior of the hard palate Soft palate Uvula
77
all teeth will arise from the _____________, except for the upper incisors, which will arise from the medial nasal processes
first branchial arch
78
All teeth will develop from interaction between the surface _________ and underlying __________ in these areas
ectoderm ectomesenchyme