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Semester 2 Biological Sciences 2 > Oral and Craniofacial Development 1 > Flashcards

Oral and Craniofacial Development 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what period occurs in days 0-7

A

pre-implantation period

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2
Q

in the pre-implantation period, the zygote forms into a _________ and then a _________

A

morula
blastocyst

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3
Q

in days 7-14, implantation occurs and what forms

A

bilaminar disc

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4
Q

what process occurs in days 14-21

A

gastrulation

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5
Q

what process starts in days 14-21

A

beginning of neurulation and folding

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6
Q

what happens in days 21-28

A

closure of the neural tube and folding

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7
Q

Folding produces a somewhat tubular emery with ____________ around the outside, ________ lining the inside, and __________ between those two

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

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8
Q

Where does the stomodeum develop

A

In the ectoderm between the brain and heart

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9
Q

Separates the primitive oral cavity from the primitive pharynx at the beginning of the primitive gut

A

Oropharyngeal membrane

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10
Q

What emerges in week 4

A

Facial processes

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11
Q

Budges that will form the centers of growth for the face

A

Facial prominences or facial processes

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12
Q

What are the facial processes

A

Frontonasal process
Pair of maxillary processes
Pair of mandibular processes

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13
Q

In the adult, the upper face is derived from the ____________

A

Frontonasal process

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14
Q

In the adult, the midface is derived from the ____________

A

Maxillary processes

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15
Q

In the adult, the lower face is derived from the ____________

A

Mandibular processes

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16
Q

What will the Frontonasal process give rise to

A

Forehead, nose, philtrum, upper incisors, and part of palate

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17
Q

What will the maxillary processes give rise to

A

Temporal bones, zygomatic bones, cheeks, sides of upper lip, most of maxilla, most of palate, and upper dentition (not including incisors)

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18
Q

What will the mandibular processes give rise to

A

Lower lip, mandible, and lower dentition

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19
Q

The oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates so that the ___________ is open to the primitive pharynx

A

Stomodeum

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20
Q

The mandibular processes grow towards the midline and fuse to form the _____________, which will form the lower lip and mandible

A

Mandibular arch

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21
Q

The maxillary processes start to grow superiorly and anteriorly to the stomodeum, in preparation for forming most of the ___________, __________, and the ___________

A

Upper lip, palate, and maxilla

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22
Q

Areas of specialized thickened ectoderm develop at the surface of the embryo to form __________

A

Placodes

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23
Q

The nasal placodes will develop into the _________

A

Olfactory epithelium

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24
Q

The lens placodes will form the ___________

A

Lenses of the eye

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25
Q

The otic placodes will become the _____________

A

Internal ear

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26
Q

The tissue around the nasal placodes undergoes growth, and the placodes become submerged forming depressions called ____________

A

Nasal pits

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27
Q

The crescent shaped growths on the medial side of each nasal pit are known as the ______________

A

Medial nasal processes

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28
Q

The growths on the lateral sides of each nasal pit are known as __________

A

Lateral nasal processes

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29
Q

The medial nasal processes will fuse together to form piece of tissue called the intermaxillary segment which will form what

A

Middle of the nose from root to apex, philtrum, tubercle of upper lip, upper incisors, and part of palate

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30
Q

The lateral nasal processes will form the what

A

Lateral portions of the nose and the alae of the nose

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31
Q

The maxillary processes fuse with the:

A

Medial nasal processes to form the upper lip
Lateral nasal processes
And mandibular processes

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32
Q

Arise from lack of, or incomplete, fusion of various facial processes

A

Clefts

33
Q

Clefts can be caused by:

A

Genetic or environmental factors

34
Q

While the face is developing, what else is developing

A

Branchial arches

35
Q

What are the tissues of the first branchial arch

A

Maxillary processes and mandibular processes

36
Q

The maxillary processes are actually outgrowths of the _____________

A

Mandibular processes

37
Q

The mandibular processes fuse to form the _____________, which is actually the first branchial arch

A

Mandibular arch

38
Q

The branchial arches give rise to the structures of the:

A

Face and neck

39
Q

How many prominent branchial arches are there in humans

A

4

40
Q

Each arch is composed of _________ on the outer surface, _________ beneath the ectoderm, and ________ on the inner surface

A

Ectoderm
Mesodermal
Endoderm

41
Q

The branchial arches are separated by a ___________ on the outer surface and a ___________ on the inner surface

A

groove/cleft

pharyngeal pouch

42
Q

Pharyngeal pouches are evaginations of the ________________

A

primitive pharynx

43
Q

Mesoderm invaded with neural crest cells becomes a special tissue called ______________

A

ectomesenchyme

44
Q

The neural crest cells that migrate into the branchial arches contribute to the development of various craniofacial tissues, including _______________

A

bone and all dental tissues except enamel

45
Q

Each branchial arch develops a:

A

*Nerve component
*Muscular component
*Vascular component
*Cartilage rod

46
Q

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the first branchial arch

A

Nerve: CN V
Muscle: muscles of mastication
Bone and cartilage: meckel’s cartilage, mandible, maxilla, incus and malleus of inner ear

47
Q

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the second branchial arch

A

Nerve: CN VII (facial)
Muscle: muscles of facial expression
Bone and cartilage: hyoid bone and stapes of inner ear

48
Q

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the third branchial arch

A

Nerve: CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
Muscle: stylopharyngeus
Bone and cartilage: hyoid bone

49
Q

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the fourth branchial arch

A

Nerve: CN X (vagus)
Muscle: pharyngeal constrictors
Bone and cartilage: laryngeal cartilages

50
Q

The mucosa of the tongue forms from swellings derived from the __________

A

inner aspects of the branchial arches

51
Q

The mucosa of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue develops from __________

A

branchial arch 1

52
Q

The mucosa of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develops mostly from ____________

A

branchial arch 3

53
Q

What are the swellings that will form the tongue

A

Tuberculum impar (from 1st arch)

Lingual swellings (from 1st arch)

Hypobranchial eminence (from part of 4th arch and mostly 3rd arch, overgrows 2nd arch)

54
Q

from the first arch, the lingual swellings emerge during the ____ week of development lateral to the tuberculum impar

A

5th

55
Q

The lingual swellings grow forward and merge to form the _______________

A

anterior 2/3 (body) of the tongue

56
Q

the hypobranchial eminence forms from the _____ arch and parts of the _____ arch

A

3rd
4th

57
Q

The hypobranchial eminence overgrows the second arch and merges with the lingual swellings to form the ________________

A

posterior 1/3 (root) of the tongue

58
Q

the epiglottis forms from the _____ arch

A

4th

59
Q

Area where thyroid gland develops

A

Foramen cecum

60
Q

The body of the tongue eventually separates from the floor of the mouth, except at the ____________

A

lingual frenum

61
Q

What occurs if the body of the tongue doesn’t fully separate from the floor of the mouth

A

Ankyloglossia

62
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are thought to be formed from cells that migrate from the _____________

A

occipital somites

63
Q

Occipital somites migrate into the developing tongue and bring their own nerve supply:

A

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

64
Q

Fusion of the medial nasal processes forms the ________________

A

intermaxillary segment

65
Q

the intermaxillary segment will give rise to the __________________

A

middle of the nose and philtrum

66
Q

Within the oral cavity, the intermaxillary segment will form the _____________, which will give rise to the anterior portion of the hard palate

A

primary palate

67
Q

the maxillary processes grow lateral projections into the oral cavity called the _________________

A

palatal shelves

68
Q

The palatal shelves will eventually fuse together to form the _______________

A

secondary palate

69
Q

The secondary palate will give rise to the ________________________

A

posterior portion of the hard palate, the soft palate and the Uvula

70
Q

The primary palate grows to meet the _________________

A

palatal shelves

71
Q

The palatal shelves fuse to form the __________________

A

secondary palate

72
Q

The primary palate and secondary palate eventually fuse to complete the ________________

A

entire palate

73
Q

When does lifting of the head occur

A

Week 7-9

74
Q

Rotating/lifting of the head helps the tongue move out of the way so that the palatal shelves can grow in what direction

A

Down

75
Q

The medial nasal processes give rise to the:

A

Middle of the nose
Philtrum
Tubercle of upper lip
Maxillary incisors
Anterior of hard palate

76
Q

The maxillary processes give rise to the:

A

Cheeks
Labial commissure
Sides of the upper lip
Maxillary canines & posterior teeth
Posterior of the hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula

77
Q

all teeth will arise from the _____________, except for the upper incisors, which will arise from the medial nasal processes

A

first branchial arch

78
Q

All teeth will develop from interaction between the surface _________ and underlying __________ in these areas

A

ectoderm
ectomesenchyme

Semester 2 Biological Sciences 2 (16 decks)

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