Oral and Craniofacial Development 1

Question 1

what period occurs in days 0-7

Answer 1

pre-implantation period

Question 2

in the pre-implantation period, the zygote forms into a _________ and then a _________

Answer 2

morula
blastocyst

Question 3

in days 7-14, implantation occurs and what forms

Answer 3

bilaminar disc

Question 4

what process occurs in days 14-21

Answer 4

gastrulation

Question 5

what process starts in days 14-21

Answer 5

beginning of neurulation and folding

Question 6

what happens in days 21-28

Answer 6

closure of the neural tube and folding

Question 7

Folding produces a somewhat tubular emery with ____________ around the outside, ________ lining the inside, and __________ between those two

Answer 7

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

Question 8

Where does the stomodeum develop

Answer 8

In the ectoderm between the brain and heart

Question 9

Separates the primitive oral cavity from the primitive pharynx at the beginning of the primitive gut

Answer 9

Oropharyngeal membrane

Question 10

What emerges in week 4

Answer 10

Facial processes

Question 11

Budges that will form the centers of growth for the face

Answer 11

Facial prominences or facial processes

Question 12

What are the facial processes

Answer 12

Frontonasal process
Pair of maxillary processes
Pair of mandibular processes

Question 13

In the adult, the upper face is derived from the ____________

Answer 13

Frontonasal process

Question 14

In the adult, the midface is derived from the ____________

Answer 14

Maxillary processes

Question 15

In the adult, the lower face is derived from the ____________

Answer 15

Mandibular processes

Question 16

What will the Frontonasal process give rise to

Answer 16

Forehead, nose, philtrum, upper incisors, and part of palate

Question 17

What will the maxillary processes give rise to

Answer 17

Temporal bones, zygomatic bones, cheeks, sides of upper lip, most of maxilla, most of palate, and upper dentition (not including incisors)

Question 18

What will the mandibular processes give rise to

Answer 18

Lower lip, mandible, and lower dentition

Question 19

The oropharyngeal membrane disintegrates so that the ___________ is open to the primitive pharynx

Answer 19

Stomodeum

Question 20

The mandibular processes grow towards the midline and fuse to form the _____________, which will form the lower lip and mandible

Answer 20

Mandibular arch

Question 21

The maxillary processes start to grow superiorly and anteriorly to the stomodeum, in preparation for forming most of the ___________, __________, and the ___________

Answer 21

Upper lip, palate, and maxilla

Question 22

Areas of specialized thickened ectoderm develop at the surface of the embryo to form __________

Answer 22

Placodes

Question 23

The nasal placodes will develop into the _________

Answer 23

Olfactory epithelium

Question 24

The lens placodes will form the ___________

Answer 24

Lenses of the eye

Question 25

The otic placodes will become the _____________

Answer 25

Internal ear

Question 26

The tissue around the nasal placodes undergoes growth, and the placodes become submerged forming depressions called ____________

Answer 26

Nasal pits

Question 27

The crescent shaped growths on the medial side of each nasal pit are known as the ______________

Answer 27

Medial nasal processes

Question 28

The growths on the lateral sides of each nasal pit are known as __________

Answer 28

Lateral nasal processes

Question 29

The medial nasal processes will fuse together to form piece of tissue called the intermaxillary segment which will form what

Answer 29

Middle of the nose from root to apex, philtrum, tubercle of upper lip, upper incisors, and part of palate

Question 30

The lateral nasal processes will form the what

Answer 30

Lateral portions of the nose and the alae of the nose

Question 31

The maxillary processes fuse with the:

Answer 31

Medial nasal processes to form the upper lip Lateral nasal processes And mandibular processes

Question 32

Arise from lack of, or incomplete, fusion of various facial processes

Answer 32

Clefts

Question 33

Clefts can be caused by:

Answer 33

Genetic or environmental factors

Question 34

While the face is developing, what else is developing

Answer 34

Branchial arches

Question 35

What are the tissues of the first branchial arch

Answer 35

Maxillary processes and mandibular processes

Question 36

The maxillary processes are actually outgrowths of the _____________

Answer 36

Mandibular processes

Question 37

The mandibular processes fuse to form the _____________, which is actually the first branchial arch

Answer 37

Mandibular arch

Question 38

The branchial arches give rise to the structures of the:

Answer 38

Face and neck

Question 39

How many prominent branchial arches are there in humans

Answer 39

4

Question 40

Each arch is composed of _________ on the outer surface, _________ beneath the ectoderm, and ________ on the inner surface

Answer 40

Ectoderm Mesodermal Endoderm

Question 41

The branchial arches are separated by a ___________ on the outer surface and a ___________ on the inner surface

Answer 41

groove/cleft pharyngeal pouch

Question 42

Pharyngeal pouches are evaginations of the ________________

Answer 42

primitive pharynx

Question 43

Mesoderm invaded with neural crest cells becomes a special tissue called ______________

Answer 43

ectomesenchyme

Question 44

The neural crest cells that migrate into the branchial arches contribute to the development of various craniofacial tissues, including _______________

Answer 44

bone and all dental tissues except enamel

Question 45

Each branchial arch develops a:

Answer 45

*Nerve component *Muscular component *Vascular component *Cartilage rod

Question 46

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the first branchial arch

Answer 46

Nerve: CN V Muscle: muscles of mastication Bone and cartilage: meckel’s cartilage, mandible, maxilla, incus and malleus of inner ear

Question 47

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the second branchial arch

Answer 47

Nerve: CN VII (facial) Muscle: muscles of facial expression Bone and cartilage: hyoid bone and stapes of inner ear

Question 48

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the third branchial arch

Answer 48

Nerve: CN IX (glossopharyngeal) Muscle: stylopharyngeus Bone and cartilage: hyoid bone

Question 49

What nerve, muscle, bone and cartilage is associated with the fourth branchial arch

Answer 49

Nerve: CN X (vagus) Muscle: pharyngeal constrictors Bone and cartilage: laryngeal cartilages

Question 50

The mucosa of the tongue forms from swellings derived from the __________

Answer 50

inner aspects of the branchial arches

Question 51

The mucosa of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue develops from __________

Answer 51

branchial arch 1

Question 52

The mucosa of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develops mostly from ____________

Answer 52

branchial arch 3

Question 53

What are the swellings that will form the tongue

Answer 53

Tuberculum impar (from 1st arch) Lingual swellings (from 1st arch) Hypobranchial eminence (from part of 4th arch and mostly 3rd arch, overgrows 2nd arch)

Question 54

from the first arch, the lingual swellings emerge during the ____ week of development lateral to the tuberculum impar

Answer 54

5th

Question 55

The lingual swellings grow forward and merge to form the _______________

Answer 55

anterior 2/3 (body) of the tongue

Question 56

the hypobranchial eminence forms from the _____ arch and parts of the _____ arch

Answer 56

3rd 4th

Question 57

The hypobranchial eminence overgrows the second arch and merges with the lingual swellings to form the ________________

Answer 57

posterior 1/3 (root) of the tongue

Question 58

the epiglottis forms from the _____ arch

Answer 58

4th

Question 59

Area where thyroid gland develops

Answer 59

Foramen cecum

Question 60

The body of the tongue eventually separates from the floor of the mouth, except at the ____________

Answer 60

lingual frenum

Question 61

What occurs if the body of the tongue doesn’t fully separate from the floor of the mouth

Answer 61

Ankyloglossia

Question 62

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue are thought to be formed from cells that migrate from the _____________

Answer 62

occipital somites

Question 63

Occipital somites migrate into the developing tongue and bring their own nerve supply:

Answer 63

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 64

Fusion of the medial nasal processes forms the ________________

Answer 64

intermaxillary segment

Question 65

the intermaxillary segment will give rise to the __________________

Answer 65

middle of the nose and philtrum

Question 66

Within the oral cavity, the intermaxillary segment will form the _____________, which will give rise to the anterior portion of the hard palate

Answer 66

primary palate

Question 67

the maxillary processes grow lateral projections into the oral cavity called the _________________

Answer 67

palatal shelves

Question 68

The palatal shelves will eventually fuse together to form the _______________

Answer 68

secondary palate

Question 69

The secondary palate will give rise to the ________________________

Answer 69

posterior portion of the hard palate, the soft palate and the Uvula

Question 70

The primary palate grows to meet the _________________

Answer 70

palatal shelves

Question 71

The palatal shelves fuse to form the __________________

Answer 71

secondary palate

Question 72

The primary palate and secondary palate eventually fuse to complete the ________________

Answer 72

entire palate

Question 73

When does lifting of the head occur

Answer 73

Week 7-9

Question 74

Rotating/lifting of the head helps the tongue move out of the way so that the palatal shelves can grow in what direction

Answer 74

Down

Question 75

The medial nasal processes give rise to the:

Answer 75

Middle of the nose Philtrum Tubercle of upper lip Maxillary incisors Anterior of hard palate

Question 76

The maxillary processes give rise to the:

Answer 76

Cheeks Labial commissure Sides of the upper lip Maxillary canines & posterior teeth Posterior of the hard palate Soft palate Uvula

Question 77

all teeth will arise from the _____________, except for the upper incisors, which will arise from the medial nasal processes

Answer 77

first branchial arch

Question 78

All teeth will develop from interaction between the surface _________ and underlying __________ in these areas

Answer 78

ectoderm ectomesenchyme