Odontogenesis

Question 1

Extracellular molecules that can modify cell metabolism and gene expression

Answer 1

signaling molecules (ligands)

Question 2

proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, and regulate transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA

Answer 2

transcription factors

Question 3

____________ interactions are essential for tooth development

Answer 3

epithelial-mesenchymal

Question 4

a congetial condition in which teeth form throughout the oral cavity

Answer 4

hyperdontia

Question 5

determination of the dentition location is dependent on what

Answer 5

primary epithelial band

Question 6

epithelial band forms by change in direction of cell divisions, which leads to what

Answer 6

thickening of the epithelium

Question 7

what causes the formation of the primary epithelial band

Answer 7

epithelial thickening

Question 8

primary band evolves into the dental placode which produces signaling molecules to attract ectomesenchyme cells which form ectomesenchymal condensation

Answer 8

1st induction iteration

Question 9

where do dental and vestibular lamina originate from

Answer 9

dental placode

Question 10

induction of the tooth germ by interplay between FGF8 (SP) and BMP (SP), via activation and inhibition of Pax9 (TF) expression

Answer 10

determination of positions of individual teeth

Question 11

it is expressed in ectomesenchyme at the locations of future teeth

Answer 11

Pax9

Question 12

activator of Pax9

Answer 12

FGF8

Question 13

inhibitor of Pax9

Answer 13

BMP4 and BMP2

Question 14

in the areas where mesenchyme expresses Pax9 invagination of the dental lamina takes place, leading to the formation of tooth buds

Answer 14

bug stage

Question 15

what causes tooth anomalies

Answer 15

abnormal induction processes

Question 16

what causes oligodontia

Answer 16

mutation in Pax9 gene

Question 17

occurs during the bud stage and is regulated by ectomesenchyme

Answer 17

tooth type determination

Question 18

bud to cap transition

Answer 18

morphogenesis and histodifferentiation

Question 19

gives rise to dental papilla and dental follicle

Answer 19

ectomesenchymal condensation

Question 20

a chamber at the end of the dental lamina invagination enclosing forming tooth tissues

Answer 20

formation of the enamel organ

Question 21

future ameloblasts, stratum intermedium

Answer 21

inner enamel epithelium

Question 22

cells commit to major dental tissues at what stage

Answer 22

late cap stage (histodifferentiation)

Question 23

the dental papilla includes what structures

Answer 23

dentin and pulp

Question 24

tooth supporting tissues like cementum, fibroblasts of PDL

Answer 24

dental follicle

Question 25

a temporary structure containing stellate cells connected via long processes with high extracellular GAG content

Answer 25

stellate reticulum

Question 26

arises by posterior growth of the general dental lamina

Answer 26

accessional lamina

Question 27

the general dental lamina gives rise to what teeth

Answer 27

molars

Question 28

what teeth arise from successional lamina of primary molars

Answer 28

permanent premolars, incisors, and canines

Question 29

deepening of the enamel organ due to the cell proliferation at the inner-outer enamel epithelium junction (cervical loop)

Answer 29

bell stage

Question 30

at what stage does the stratification of the enamel organ take place

Answer 30

bell stage

Question 31

organizing center for crown morphogenesis appears at the late cap stage / early bell stage

Answer 31

crown patterning enamel knot

Question 32

crown shape is largely determined by a number and position of what

Answer 32

enamel knots

Question 33

is expressed in non-proliferating cells of the enamel knot, lacking FGF receptors, while other cells express FGF receptors

Answer 33

FGF-4

Question 34

appear over the tips of the developing cusps in the early bell stage of tooth development

Answer 34

secondary enamel knots

Question 35

primary and secondary enamel knots are associated with what

Answer 35

crown patterning

Question 36

leads to uneven cell proliferation

Answer 36

gradient of FGF-4

Question 37

formation of multi-rooted teeth occurs by what

Answer 37

fusion of hertwig's root sheath folds in the plane of the primary apical foramen