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Semester 2 Biological Sciences 2 > Muscles of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

more movable end

A

insertion

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2
Q

less movable end

A

origin

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3
Q

contracting and shortening results in…….

A

insertion moving towards origin

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4
Q

what are the two cervical muscles

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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5
Q

what are the cervical muscles innervated by

A

cranial nerve XI

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6
Q

what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

sternum and medial portion of clavicle

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7
Q

what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

mastoid process of temporal bone

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8
Q

what is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

flex, bend, and rotate head

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9
Q

large muscle of neck, shoulders, and back

A

trapezius muscle

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10
Q

what is the origin of the trapezius muscle

A

occipital bone

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11
Q

what is the insertion of the trapezius muscle

A

lateral portion of clavicle and scapula

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12
Q

what cranial nerve innervates all muscles of facial expressions

A

cranial nerve XII

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13
Q

front belly of the occipitofrontalis

A

frontalis

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14
Q

what is the action of the frontalis

A

raise eyebrows

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15
Q

wraps over the scalp

A

occipitofrontalis

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16
Q

what separates the occipitofrontalis

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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17
Q

what is the action of the corrugated supercilii

A

pulls eyebrows together

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18
Q

what is the action of the depressor supercilii

A

depresses eyebrows

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19
Q

what is the action of the orbicularis oculi

A

close eyes, scrunch eyes, squinting

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20
Q

what is the action of the procures

A

wrinkle nose (with transverse part of nasalis)

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21
Q

what is the action of the nasalis

A

wrinkle nose ( transverse part ). flare nostrils ( ala part )

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22
Q

what is the action of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

helps flare nostrils and elevate lip

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23
Q

what is another name for the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

levator nasolabialis

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24
Q

what is the action of the levator labii superioris

A

lift lips

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25
Q

what are the smiling muscles

A

Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Levator anguli oris

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26
Q

what is the action of the zygomaticus major

A

lift corners of the mouth toward the zygomatic arch

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27
Q

what is the action of the zygomaticus minor

A

lift corners of the mouth toward the zygomatic arch

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28
Q

what is the action of the levator anguli oris

A

lift corners of mouth

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29
Q

what is the action of the risorius

A

pull corners of the mouth straight back

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30
Q

what is the action of the orbicularis oris

A

close mouth, pout, “duck lips”, roll lips inwards

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31
Q

what is the action of the depressor labii inferioris

A

lowers lip exposing teeth opposite to the levator labii superioris

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32
Q

what is the action of the depressor anguli oris

A

depresses corners of the mouth opposite to the levator anguli oris

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33
Q

what is the action of the mentalis

A

protrude lip

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34
Q

large superficial sheet like muscle

A

platysma

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35
Q

what is the action of the platysma

A

moves skin of neck, depressed mandible

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36
Q

what is the action of the buccinator

A

provide tone to cheeks, move food, blow air

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37
Q

what are the two groups of hyoid muscles

A

suprahyoid and infrahyoid

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38
Q

what are the infra hyoid muscles

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

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39
Q

what muscles depress the hyoid bone during swallowing

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
INFRAHYOID MUSCLES

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40
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

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41
Q

what are the two stomachs of the digastric muscle

A

anterior and posteror

42
Q

what is the origin of the stylohyoid muscle

A

styloid process

43
Q

what is the insertion of the stylohyoid muscle

A

hyoid bone

44
Q

what is the origin of the geniohyoid muscle

A

genial tubercle on posterior aspect of mandible

45
Q

what is the insertion of the geniohyoid muscle

A

hyoid bone

46
Q

forms floor of the mouth

A

mylohyoid

47
Q

what is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle

A

mylohyoid line of mandible

48
Q

what is the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle

A

hyoid bone

49
Q

muscles that elevate the jaw are ________

A

relaxing

50
Q

hyoid elevation occurs from the ___________ muscle

A

mylohyoid

51
Q

the jaw depresses by the ____________ muscles

A

suprahyoid

52
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid

53
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication

A

V3 of cranial nerve X

54
Q

broad fan shaped muscle

A

temporalis

55
Q

what is the origin of the temporalis

A

temporal fossa

56
Q

what is the insertion of the temporalis

A

coronoid process of mandible

57
Q

what is the action of the temporalis

A

mandible elevation and retraction

58
Q

what is the innervation of the temporalis

A

deep temporal nerves (CN V3)

59
Q

what muscle is powerful with superficial and deep heads

A

masseter

60
Q

what is the origin of the masseter

A

zygomatic arch

61
Q

what is the insertion of the masseter

A

lateral aspect of ramus/angle

62
Q

what is the action of the masseter

A

mandible elevation

63
Q

what is the innervation of the masseter

A

masseteric nerve

64
Q

what are the two heads of the medial pterygoid

A

superficial and deep

65
Q

what is the origin of the medial pterygoid

A

lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and maxilla

66
Q

what is the insertion of the medial pterygoid

A

angle of mandible

67
Q

what is the action of the medial pterygoid

A

mandible elevation, lateral movement, protraction

68
Q

what is the innervation of the medial pterygoid

A

nerve to medial pterygoid muscle

69
Q

what are the two heads of the lateral pterygoid

A

superior and inferior

70
Q

what is the origin of the lateral pterygoid

A

lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid bone

71
Q

what is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid

A

neck of mandibular condyle

72
Q

what is the action of the lateral pterygoid

A

lateral and protrusive movements of the mandible

73
Q

what is the innervation of the lateral pterygoid

A

nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle

74
Q

what muscles close/elevate the jaw

A

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid

75
Q

what muscle retracts the jaw

A

temporalis

76
Q

what muscle protracts the jaw

A

lateral and medial pterygoids

77
Q

what muscle creates lateral excursion of the jaw

A

lateral and medial pterygoids

78
Q

what muscles open/depress the jaw

A

lateral pterygoid
suprahyoid muscles
platysma

79
Q

what innervates the tongue muscles

A

cranial nerve XII

80
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
palatoglossus

81
Q

what is the origin of the genioglossus

A

genial tubercles

82
Q

what is the insertion of the genioglossus

A

tongue

83
Q

what is the action of the genioglossus

A

protrude and depress the tongue

84
Q

what is the origin of the styloglossus

A

styloid process

85
Q

what is the insertion of the styloglossus

A

lateral and anterior tongue

86
Q

what are the actions of the styloglossus

A

retract tongue

87
Q

what is the origin of the hyoglossus

A

hyoid bone

88
Q

what is the insertion of the hyoglossus

A

lateral tongue

89
Q

what is the action of the hyoglossus

A

depresses tongue

90
Q

actually a soft palate muscle

A

palatoglossus

91
Q

which tongue muscle is not innervated by cranial nerve XII

A

palatoglossus

92
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

superior longitudinal
vertical
transverse
inferior longitudinal

93
Q

what are the right and left intrinsic muscles of the tongue separated by

A

median septum

94
Q

what is the action of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

changes tongue shape

95
Q

what are the muscles of the soft palate

A

palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini

96
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate

A

cranial nerve X

97
Q

what are the muscles of the soft palate used for

A

speaking and swallowing

98
Q

what do the palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus form

A

tonsils

99
Q

what is the action of the palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus

A

pull soft palate down and the tongue up during swallowing

100
Q

what is the action of the elevator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini

A

move palate up and close off the nasopharynx during speech and swallowing

Semester 2 Biological Sciences 2 (16 decks)

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