Muscles of the Head and Neck Flashcards
more movable end
insertion
less movable end
origin
contracting and shortening results in…….
insertion moving towards origin
what are the two cervical muscles
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
what are the cervical muscles innervated by
cranial nerve XI
what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
sternum and medial portion of clavicle
what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
mastoid process of temporal bone
what is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
flex, bend, and rotate head
large muscle of neck, shoulders, and back
trapezius muscle
what is the origin of the trapezius muscle
occipital bone
what is the insertion of the trapezius muscle
lateral portion of clavicle and scapula
what cranial nerve innervates all muscles of facial expressions
cranial nerve XII
front belly of the occipitofrontalis
frontalis
what is the action of the frontalis
raise eyebrows
wraps over the scalp
occipitofrontalis
what separates the occipitofrontalis
epicranial aponeurosis
what is the action of the corrugated supercilii
pulls eyebrows together
what is the action of the depressor supercilii
depresses eyebrows
what is the action of the orbicularis oculi
close eyes, scrunch eyes, squinting
what is the action of the procures
wrinkle nose (with transverse part of nasalis)
what is the action of the nasalis
wrinkle nose ( transverse part ). flare nostrils ( ala part )
what is the action of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
helps flare nostrils and elevate lip
what is another name for the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
levator nasolabialis
what is the action of the levator labii superioris
lift lips
what are the smiling muscles
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Levator anguli oris
what is the action of the zygomaticus major
lift corners of the mouth toward the zygomatic arch
what is the action of the zygomaticus minor
lift corners of the mouth toward the zygomatic arch
what is the action of the levator anguli oris
lift corners of mouth
what is the action of the risorius
pull corners of the mouth straight back
what is the action of the orbicularis oris
close mouth, pout, “duck lips”, roll lips inwards
what is the action of the depressor labii inferioris
lowers lip exposing teeth opposite to the levator labii superioris
what is the action of the depressor anguli oris
depresses corners of the mouth opposite to the levator anguli oris
what is the action of the mentalis
protrude lip
large superficial sheet like muscle
platysma
what is the action of the platysma
moves skin of neck, depressed mandible
what is the action of the buccinator
provide tone to cheeks, move food, blow air
what are the two groups of hyoid muscles
suprahyoid and infrahyoid
what are the infra hyoid muscles
omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
what muscles depress the hyoid bone during swallowing
omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
INFRAHYOID MUSCLES
what are the suprahyoid muscles
digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
what are the two stomachs of the digastric muscle
anterior and posteror
what is the origin of the stylohyoid muscle
styloid process
what is the insertion of the stylohyoid muscle
hyoid bone
what is the origin of the geniohyoid muscle
genial tubercle on posterior aspect of mandible
what is the insertion of the geniohyoid muscle
hyoid bone
forms floor of the mouth
mylohyoid
what is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle
mylohyoid line of mandible
what is the insertion of the mylohyoid muscle
hyoid bone
muscles that elevate the jaw are ________
relaxing
hyoid elevation occurs from the ___________ muscle
mylohyoid
the jaw depresses by the ____________ muscles
suprahyoid
what are the muscles of mastication
temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
what cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication
V3 of cranial nerve X
broad fan shaped muscle
temporalis
what is the origin of the temporalis
temporal fossa
what is the insertion of the temporalis
coronoid process of mandible
what is the action of the temporalis
mandible elevation and retraction
what is the innervation of the temporalis
deep temporal nerves (CN V3)
what muscle is powerful with superficial and deep heads
masseter
what is the origin of the masseter
zygomatic arch
what is the insertion of the masseter
lateral aspect of ramus/angle
what is the action of the masseter
mandible elevation
what is the innervation of the masseter
masseteric nerve
what are the two heads of the medial pterygoid
superficial and deep
what is the origin of the medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and maxilla
what is the insertion of the medial pterygoid
angle of mandible
what is the action of the medial pterygoid
mandible elevation, lateral movement, protraction
what is the innervation of the medial pterygoid
nerve to medial pterygoid muscle
what are the two heads of the lateral pterygoid
superior and inferior
what is the origin of the lateral pterygoid
lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid bone
what is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid
neck of mandibular condyle
what is the action of the lateral pterygoid
lateral and protrusive movements of the mandible
what is the innervation of the lateral pterygoid
nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
what muscles close/elevate the jaw
masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
what muscle retracts the jaw
temporalis
what muscle protracts the jaw
lateral and medial pterygoids
what muscle creates lateral excursion of the jaw
lateral and medial pterygoids
what muscles open/depress the jaw
lateral pterygoid
suprahyoid muscles
platysma
what innervates the tongue muscles
cranial nerve XII
what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
genioglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
palatoglossus
what is the origin of the genioglossus
genial tubercles
what is the insertion of the genioglossus
tongue
what is the action of the genioglossus
protrude and depress the tongue
what is the origin of the styloglossus
styloid process
what is the insertion of the styloglossus
lateral and anterior tongue
what are the actions of the styloglossus
retract tongue
what is the origin of the hyoglossus
hyoid bone
what is the insertion of the hyoglossus
lateral tongue
what is the action of the hyoglossus
depresses tongue
actually a soft palate muscle
palatoglossus
which tongue muscle is not innervated by cranial nerve XII
palatoglossus
what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
superior longitudinal
vertical
transverse
inferior longitudinal
what are the right and left intrinsic muscles of the tongue separated by
median septum
what is the action of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
changes tongue shape
what are the muscles of the soft palate
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
what cranial nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate
cranial nerve X
what are the muscles of the soft palate used for
speaking and swallowing
what do the palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus form
tonsils
what is the action of the palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus
pull soft palate down and the tongue up during swallowing
what is the action of the elevator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini
move palate up and close off the nasopharynx during speech and swallowing