terpenoids

Question 1

hemi-terpenoids have __-C units of carbons. “________ units”

Answer 1

5
isoprene

Question 2

examples of terpenoids

Answer 2

essential oils, steroids, rubber

Question 3

biogenic isoprene rule

Answer 3

all terpenoids synthesized from common 5-C precursor but final structures can have modified 5-C units

Question 4

isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) is also known as

Answer 4

active isoprene

Question 5

IPP is the ____ of the ______

Answer 5

precursor
terpenoids

Question 6

IPP formed from

Answer 6

mevalonate

Question 7

synthesis of some terpenoid types occurs in ____ organisms.
synthesis by the acetate-mevalonate pathway occurs in ____ organisms

Answer 7

all
all

Question 8

__________- can create all types of terpeoids

Answer 8

angiosperms

Question 9

3 general terpenoid characteristics:
_____ soluble
located in ______
extracted using ________

Answer 9

lipid soluble
cytoplasm
polar solvents (methanol, diethyl ether)

Question 10

synthesis of C5 unit: MVA is primary precursor of ___ thus all ______

Answer 10

IPP/DMAPP
terpenoids

Question 11

synthesis of MVA is via

Answer 11

condensation of x3 acetyl CoA groups using transferase and synthase

Question 12

synthesis of C5 unit: only the _____ enantiomer of MVA used in biosynthesis

Answer 12

3R

Question 13

synthesis of C5 unit: each step in synthesis of C-5 isoprenoids is ________

Answer 13

stereospecific

Question 14

synthesis of C5 unit: ____ replaced by deuterium or tritium, thus the C5 will be _____ with an ___-configuration

Answer 14

Hr
chiral
R

Question 15

synthesis of C5 unit: Hr and Hs are called ________ or _________ hydrogens (ligands) of C5

Answer 15

pro R
pro S

Question 16

biosynthesis of MVA (thus IPP) begins with the _______ of two molecules of _________ via action of a _______. the third condensation of ______ added via _________

Answer 16

condensation
acetyl CoA
transferase
acetyl CoA
synthase

Question 17

competitive inhibition of ___________ by _________ is common medical treatment for controlling high levels of ______ in humans

Answer 17

HMG reductase
lovastatin
cholestrol

Question 18

lovastatin is a natural product obtained from _______

Answer 18

fungi

Question 19

MVA only used to produce ______

Answer 19

terpenoids

Question 20

_____ and _______ are functional equivalents of isoprene. they are two key ________

Answer 20

IPP
DMAPP
hemiterpenoids

Question 21

______ to ______ condensation with different enzymes leads to _______

Answer 21

tail to head
polymers

Question 22

plants produce ______ from which rubber is obtained

Answer 22

latex

Question 23

formation of tri- and tetra-terpenoids involved _____ to _____ condensations

Answer 23

head to head

Question 24

definition of terpene

Answer 24

simple hydrocarbon compounds of the basic 5C isoprene units

Question 25

definition of terpenoid

Answer 25

modified terpenes with various functional and oxidized groups

Question 26

DMAPP is a good

Answer 26

electrophile

Question 27

IPP + DMAPP ->

Answer 27

higher terpenoids

Question 28

does IPP or DMAPP have a terminal double bond? which one has a middle double bond?

Answer 28

IPP DMAPP

Question 29

for tail to head condensation to make higher up terps, DMAPP is the ______ and IPP is the ______

Answer 29

DMAPP = tail IPP = head

Question 30

hemiterpenoids are just one C__ _______ unit with additional ___________

Answer 30

C5 isoprenoid unit modifications