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biol 439 > di/sester/tri/tetra-terp... and cyto p450 > Flashcards

di/sester/tri/tetra-terp... and cyto p450 Flashcards

1
Q

diterpenoids have a C__ skeleton

A

C20

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2
Q

diterpenoids C20 skeleton made from ______

A

GGPP

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3
Q

_____ + _____ -> GGPP
or
_____ + _____ -> GGPP

A

FPP + IPP
FPP + DMAPP

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4
Q

FPP + IPP -> GGPP (C20) using what enzyme or cofactors?

A

farnesyl transferase
Mg2+ or Mn 2+

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5
Q

dipterpenoids involved in plant ______

A

metabolism (primary and secondary)

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6
Q

diterpenoids are _____ volatile than sesquiterpenoids

A

less

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7
Q

most diterpenoids are _______

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

iabdane is the C20 ________

A

bicyclic skeleton

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9
Q

Phytol is a C__ _______
bound to __________, which affects its ____ ____

A

C20 diterpenoid
chlorophyll
lipid-solubility

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10
Q

phytol is precursor to vitamins ___ and ____

A

e and K

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11
Q

phorbols found in _______ oils
used in _______ research bc it’s _________
but when esterified, are ___________

A

croton oils
cancer, anti-carcinongenic
carcinogenic

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12
Q

gibberellins (GA) are C___ ________

A

C20 diterpenoid

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13
Q

gibberellins biosynthesis (7 steps)

A
  1. MVA -> GGPP
  2. cyclicization to ent-kaurene
  3. oxidization of ent-kaurene
  4. contraction of ring B -> GA
  5. C20 -> C19 GA
  6. interconversions of GAs
  7. Conjugation of GAs
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14
Q

what is the intermediate in gibberellins (GA) synthesis?

A

ent-kaurene

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15
Q

what two things are done to GAs that result in diversification?

A

interconversion and conjugation of GAs

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16
Q

T/F: plants have one path to make GAs

A

F: plants have multiple paths to make GAs

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17
Q

main precoursor of GAs

A

GGPP

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18
Q

GA modifications to create GA3

A

x2 OH additions
double bond
COOH

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19
Q

what is the most common gibberellin?

A

GA3

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20
Q

use of gibberellins (GA):

A

promotes growth (flowering, breaking dormancy, fruiting, stem lengthening)

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21
Q

commercial uses of gibberellins:

A

inducing malting of barley
increases sugar cane yield

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22
Q

sesterterpenoids are C___

A

C25

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23
Q

sesterterpenoids are important in _______-________ interactions

A

host-microbe

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24
Q

T/F: sesterterpenoids are common

A

F: sesterterpenoids are RARE

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25
precursor for sesterterpenoids:
GFPP
26
example of sessterterpenoid is __________ and it's a _____-______ agent. it's made in ______ (part of plant)
leuco-sesterterpenone anti-cancer plastids
27
triterpenoids are C___
C30
28
triterpenoid characteristics:
colourless, high MP, stable
29
triterpenoids derived from
squalene (C30, acyclic)
30
______ + ______ undergo ______-______ addition to form squalene
FPP + FPP head to head
31
T/F: triterpenoids include steroids
T
32
percursor for steroids is
squalene
33
how does squalene become a steroid?
squalene --P450--> lanosterol/cycloartenol -> cholestrol -> steroid skeleton
34
triterpenoids divided into 4 groups
true triterpenoids steroids saponins cardiac glycosides
35
triterpenoids are typically have how many rings?
4 or 5
36
beta-amyrin and oleanic acid are two examples of pentacyclics. what is their difference?
R group beta-amyrin R = Me oleanic acid R = COOH
37
limonoids are C___ with _____ taste
C30 (tri-terpenoids) bitter
38
hopanes are C___ from __________ and ________. they are used as a marker in __________ spills
C30 (tri-terpenoids) plants and cyanobacteria petrolium
39
the tri-terpenoid that have 4 rings are typically ____/____. two examples are
steroids and sterols lanosterol and cycloarternol
40
lanosterol is a C___ that is a __________ precursor in ______
C30 tri-terpenoid cholestrol animals
41
cycloartenol is a C____ that is a ________- precursor in __________
C30 tri-terpenoid sterol plants
42
insects do not make their own __________. they get it from _________ followed by __________
steroids diet followed by modification
43
steroids are important for ________ characteristics, such as ______ flexibility
membrane lipid
44
squalene -> tri-terpenoids (_______ and ________) -> undergo _________ -> __________ -> other steroids
squalene -> tri-terpenoids (lanosteroil and cycloartenol) -> undergo modifications -> cholestrol -> other steroids
45
squalene is precursor for ________
tri-terpenoids (C30)
46
what type of modifications happen to tri-terpenoids like lanosterol and cycloartenol to create cholestrol?
C's removed and O's added
47
______ is the precursor for other steroids in plants and animals
cholestrol
48
what are the saponin tri-terpenoids (x3)
DHS - don't have sex Diosgenin = yams Hecogenin = soapy Solanine = nausous potato
49
what are the cardiac glycosides?
BOCOC - (chicken squak) Bufadienolides Ouabain Cardenolides Oleadrin Convallatoxin
50
cardiac glycosides inhibit _______ in _______
Na/K pumps in cell membranes (can be deadly)
51
carotenoids found in what vegtable?
carrots
52
tetra-terpenoids are C___, and the group is called ________
C40 carotenoids
53
carotenoids are not synthesised in ______ because made in cell _______, therefore they have to get from _______
animals chloroplast diet
54
condensation of ____ + _____ -> __________ -> carotenoids
GGPP + GGPP (C20+C20) intermediates
55
lycopene is a C___ ________
C40 carotenoid/tetra-terpenoid
56
what are the tetra-terpenoids (x3) that are affected by light intensity
VAZ - victoira's anal zoo violaxanthin = low light antheraxanthin zeaxanthin = high light
57
terpenoids diversity via oxidations from _____
cytochrome P450 oxygenases
58
P450's catalyze ______
hydroxylation
59
the same family of P450s catalyze ________ reactions
similar
60
P450s have #____ families
11

biol 439 (12 decks)

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