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biol 439 > di/sester/tri/tetra-terp... and cyto p450 > Flashcards

di/sester/tri/tetra-terp... and cyto p450 Flashcards

1
Q

diterpenoids have a C__ skeleton

A

C20

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2
Q

diterpenoids C20 skeleton made from ______

A

GGPP

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3
Q

_____ + _____ -> GGPP
or
_____ + _____ -> GGPP

A

FPP + IPP
FPP + DMAPP

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4
Q

FPP + IPP -> GGPP (C20) using what enzyme or cofactors?

A

farnesyl transferase
Mg2+ or Mn 2+

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5
Q

dipterpenoids involved in plant ______

A

metabolism (primary and secondary)

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6
Q

diterpenoids are _____ volatile than sesquiterpenoids

A

less

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7
Q

most diterpenoids are _______

A

oxygenated

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8
Q

iabdane is the C20 ________

A

bicyclic skeleton

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9
Q

Phytol is a C__ _______
bound to __________, which affects its ____ ____

A

C20 diterpenoid
chlorophyll
lipid-solubility

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10
Q

phytol is precursor to vitamins ___ and ____

A

e and K

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11
Q

phorbols found in _______ oils
used in _______ research bc it’s _________
but when esterified, are ___________

A

croton oils
cancer, anti-carcinongenic
carcinogenic

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12
Q

gibberellins (GA) are C___ ________

A

C20 diterpenoid

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13
Q

gibberellins biosynthesis (7 steps)

A
  1. MVA -> GGPP
  2. cyclicization to ent-kaurene
  3. oxidization of ent-kaurene
  4. contraction of ring B -> GA
  5. C20 -> C19 GA
  6. interconversions of GAs
  7. Conjugation of GAs
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14
Q

what is the intermediate in gibberellins (GA) synthesis?

A

ent-kaurene

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15
Q

what two things are done to GAs that result in diversification?

A

interconversion and conjugation of GAs

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16
Q

T/F: plants have one path to make GAs

A

F: plants have multiple paths to make GAs

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17
Q

main precoursor of GAs

A

GGPP

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18
Q

GA modifications to create GA3

A

x2 OH additions
double bond
COOH

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19
Q

what is the most common gibberellin?

A

GA3

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20
Q

use of gibberellins (GA):

A

promotes growth (flowering, breaking dormancy, fruiting, stem lengthening)

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21
Q

commercial uses of gibberellins:

A

inducing malting of barley
increases sugar cane yield

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22
Q

sesterterpenoids are C___

A

C25

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23
Q

sesterterpenoids are important in _______-________ interactions

A

host-microbe

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24
Q

T/F: sesterterpenoids are common

A

F: sesterterpenoids are RARE

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25
Q

precursor for sesterterpenoids:

26
Q

example of sessterterpenoid is __________ and it’s a _____-______ agent. it’s made in ______ (part of plant)

A

leuco-sesterterpenone
anti-cancer
plastids

27
Q

triterpenoids are C___

28
Q

triterpenoid characteristics:

A

colourless, high MP, stable

29
Q

triterpenoids derived from

A

squalene (C30, acyclic)

30
Q

______ + ______ undergo ______-______ addition to form squalene

A

FPP + FPP
head to head

31
Q

T/F: triterpenoids include steroids

32
Q

percursor for steroids is

33
Q

how does squalene become a steroid?

A

squalene –P450–> lanosterol/cycloartenol -> cholestrol -> steroid skeleton

34
Q

triterpenoids divided into 4 groups

A

true triterpenoids
steroids
saponins
cardiac glycosides

35
Q

triterpenoids are typically have how many rings?

36
Q

beta-amyrin and oleanic acid are two examples of pentacyclics. what is their difference?

A

R group

beta-amyrin R = Me
oleanic acid R = COOH

37
Q

limonoids are C___ with _____ taste

A

C30 (tri-terpenoids)
bitter

38
Q

hopanes are C___ from __________ and ________. they are used as a marker in __________ spills

A

C30 (tri-terpenoids)
plants and cyanobacteria
petrolium

39
Q

the tri-terpenoid that have 4 rings are typically ____/____. two examples are

A

steroids and sterols
lanosterol and cycloarternol

40
Q

lanosterol is a C___ that is a __________ precursor in ______

A

C30 tri-terpenoid
cholestrol
animals

41
Q

cycloartenol is a C____ that is a ________- precursor in __________

A

C30 tri-terpenoid
sterol
plants

42
Q

insects do not make their own __________. they get it from _________ followed by __________

A

steroids
diet followed by modification

43
Q

steroids are important for ________ characteristics, such as ______ flexibility

A

membrane
lipid

44
Q

squalene -> tri-terpenoids (_______ and ________) -> undergo _________ -> __________ -> other steroids

A

squalene -> tri-terpenoids (lanosteroil and cycloartenol) -> undergo modifications -> cholestrol -> other steroids

45
Q

squalene is precursor for ________

A

tri-terpenoids (C30)

46
Q

what type of modifications happen to tri-terpenoids like lanosterol and cycloartenol to create cholestrol?

A

C’s removed and O’s added

47
Q

______ is the precursor for other steroids in plants and animals

A

cholestrol

48
Q

what are the saponin tri-terpenoids (x3)

A

DHS - don’t have sex

Diosgenin = yams
Hecogenin = soapy
Solanine = nausous potato

49
Q

what are the cardiac glycosides?

A

BOCOC - (chicken squak)

Bufadienolides
Ouabain
Cardenolides
Oleadrin
Convallatoxin

50
Q

cardiac glycosides inhibit _______ in _______

A

Na/K pumps in cell membranes (can be deadly)

51
Q

carotenoids found in what vegtable?

52
Q

tetra-terpenoids are C___, and the group is called ________

A

C40
carotenoids

53
Q

carotenoids are not synthesised in ______ because made in cell _______, therefore they have to get from _______

A

animals
chloroplast
diet

54
Q

condensation of ____ + _____ -> __________ -> carotenoids

A

GGPP + GGPP (C20+C20)
intermediates

55
Q

lycopene is a C___ ________

A

C40 carotenoid/tetra-terpenoid

56
Q

what are the tetra-terpenoids (x3) that are affected by light intensity

A

VAZ - victoira’s anal zoo

violaxanthin = low light
antheraxanthin
zeaxanthin = high light

57
Q

terpenoids diversity via oxidations from _____

A

cytochrome P450 oxygenases

58
Q

P450’s catalyze ______

A

hydroxylation

59
Q

the same family of P450s catalyze ________ reactions

60
Q

P450s have #____ families

biol 439 (12 decks)

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