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OTB 520- Phys Dys > Terms to know for Exam 1 > Flashcards

Terms to know for Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Agnosia

A

inability to verbally identify objects via visual input.

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2
Q

Color agnosia

A

inability to remember and recognize specific colors for common objects in the environment.

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3
Q

Color anomia

A

inability to name the color of objects.

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4
Q

Metamorphopsia

A

visual distortion of objects, such as the physical properties of size and weight.

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5
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize and identify familiar faces, caused by lesions of the right posterior hemisphere

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6
Q

Simultanognosia

A

inability to recognize and interpret a visual array as a whole, caused by lesions of the right right hemisphere

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7
Q

Figure-Ground Discrimination Dysfunction

A
  • inability to perceive the foreground from the background in a visual array
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8
Q

Form-Constancy Dysfunction

A

inability to recognize/perceive various forms/shapes, and objects, regardless of their position, location or size.

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9
Q

Position in Space Dysfunction aka special relations

A

inability to orient a shape or object in relation to one’s self.

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10
Q

Stereopsis

A

inability to perceive depth in relation to the self or in relation to various objects in the environment.

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11
Q

Astereognosis

A
  • inability to identify common objects and geometric shapes through tactile perception without the aid of vision.
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12
Q

Agraphestesia -

A

inability to recognize numbers, letters, or forms written on the skin.

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13
Q

Body Schema Perception Disorders aka autotopagnosia

A

when following CVA or TBI, a person’s sense of his or her body’s shape, position, and capacity is distorted.

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14
Q

Ideational Apraxia aka conceptual apraxia

A

inability to use real object appropriately.

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15
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

inability to carry out a motor act on verbal command or imitation (but is able to perform the act correctly when asked to use the actual object).

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16
Q

Dressing Apraxia

A

inability to plan effective motor actions required during the complex perceptual task of dressing one’s upper and lower body.

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17
Q

Constructional Disorder

A

inability to organize or assemble parts into a whole, as in putting together block designs (3D) or drawings (2-dimensional).

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18
Q

Coordinated Movement Disorders

A

Lack of motor coordinated movement known as ataxia can occur with damage to the nervous system, most commonly cerebellar dysfunction

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19
Q

Vestibulocerebellum lesions

A

result in inability to coordinate eye and head movement, postural sway, and delayed equilibrium response, and postural tremors

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20
Q

Spinocerebellum lesions:

A

result in hypotonia, disruption of rhythmic walking, precision of voluntary movement

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21
Q

Anterior lobe of the cerebellum lesions:

A

results in disorders of the gait, loss of balance

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22
Q

Cerebellum or posterior lobes lesions

A

: result in loss of motor control, perceptual and cognitive tasks, trouble with movement and timing

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23
Q

Hypotonicity

A

decreased muscle tone

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24
Q

Asthenia

A

generalized weakness

Sometimes seen in cerebellar lesions

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25
Q

Dysmetria:

A

: the under or over estimation of movement towards a target
Common in cerebellar disorders
Over or under shoot during movement is known as an intention tremor

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26
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia:

A

: the inability to perform rapidly alternating movements, slow without rhythm or consistency

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27
Q

Gait Disturbances

A

related to dysfunction of the cerebellum

Gait becomes wide and staggering without typical arm swing

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28
Q

Crystalized intelligence:

A

: knowledge and skills accumulated over a lifetime

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29
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

ability to reason and make sense of abstract information

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30
Q

Frontal Lobe:

A

gest single area of the brain (1/3)
Highest level of cognitive processing, control of emotions, and behaviors
Personality, damage can change temperament and character of a person
Slow processing of information, lack of judgment, withdrawal, irritability, lack of inhibition and apathy

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31
Q

Right hemisphere syndrome

A

: inability to orient the body with external space and generate an appropriate motor response

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32
Q

Disorders of emotional adjustment

A

often follow a lesion to the R hemisphere

Primarily affect interpersonal relationships and socialization

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33
Q

Dysarthria

A

disturbance in articulation, disorder of speech

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34
Q

Speech

A

mechanical act of uttering words

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35
Q

Anarthria

A

the lack of the ability to produce speech, disorder of speech

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36
Q

Expressive aphasia:

A

Disorder of language, a deficit in speech production or language output accompanied by a deficit in communication

37
Q

Alexia

A

: inability to read, typically caused by a lesion to the L occipital lobe and the corpus callosum

38
Q

Agraphia:

A

: Inability to write, lesion anywhere in the cerebrum

39
Q

Apraxia:

A

an acquired disorder of skilled purposeful movement that is not a result of paresis, akinesia, ataxia, sensory loss, or comprehension

40
Q

Ideational Apraxia aka conceptual apraxia

A

inability to use real object appropriately.

Ex - client attempting to write with a spoon

41
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

inability to carry out a motor act on verbal command or imitation (but is able to perform the act correctly when asked to use the actual object).

42
Q

Agnosia:

A

the inability to recognize objects, lesions of the sensory cortices

43
Q

Hyperarousal:

A

restlessness, agitation, or delirium

44
Q

Hypoarousal:

A

drowsiness to stupor/coma (coma unarousable/unresponsive, stupor takes vigorous stimulation to arouse)

45
Q

Persistent vegetative state (PVS)

A

damage to the cerebral cortex where the link to the brainstem is destroyed, mentation is absent even with random movements

46
Q

Locked in syndrome

A

damage to the pons with no mental deficit but an inability to move anything but the eyes

47
Q

Brain death:

A

destruction of both upper and lower parts of the reticular formation in the brain stem

48
Q

Focused attention

A

respond to different stimuli, physical and mental components, good posture or body orientation

49
Q

Sustained attention

A

vigilance. Attend for a long time, R hemisphere

50
Q

Selective attention

A

activating and inhibiting responses selectively

51
Q

Alternating attention

A

alternating between mental tasks

52
Q

Divided attention

A

do several things at once

53
Q

Orbital prefrontal region

A

attends to facial expressions; damage to this region: lacks the ability to read someone’s facial expressions; increased evidence of this happening in MS patients

54
Q

Limbic system

A

controls human behavior; motivation

55
Q

4 primary emotions

A

pain, anger, pleasure, fear

56
Q

Amygdala

A

where emotional memories are formed

57
Q

Extinction

A

learned fears that are decreased through repeated exposure to the stimulus.

58
Q

Working memory:

A

the ability to hold information in short term storage while permitting other cognitive operations to take place

59
Q

Declarative memory

A

retention of facts and events of prior experience; what you believe to be true or factual

60
Q

Procedural memory

A

learning of skills and habits of how something is done

61
Q

Recent memories

A

hippocampus, thalamus, and basal forebrain

62
Q

Intellectual awareness

A

ability to understand at some level that a function is impaired - ability to verbally describe limitations in functioning

63
Q

Emergent awareness

A

ability to recognize a problem only when it is happening

64
Q

Anticipatory awareness

A

ability to anticipate that an impairment will occur as the result of a particular impairment and will likely cause a challenge

65
Q

Orientation -

A

the ability to understand the self and the relationship of the self and the past and present environment

66
Q

Attention

•Detect/React:

A

ability to detect and react to changes in the environment

67
Q

Sustained attention

A

ability to consistently engage in an activity over time

68
Q

Selective attention

A

Ability to attend to relevant stimuli while blocking out distracting stimuli

69
Q

Shifting of attention

A

(alternating attention): ability to shift or alternate attention between tasks with different cognitive and motor requirements

70
Q

Mental tracking (divided attention):

A

ability to simultaneously keep track of 2 or more stimuli during ongoing activity

71
Q

Working memory aka short term memory

A

the temporary storage of information while one is working with it or attending to it

72
Q

Declarative memory:

A

one aspect of long term memory, conscious memory of events, knowledge, or facts (long term)

73
Q

Procedural memory:

A

ability to remember how to perform an activity or procedure without conscious awareness (long term)

74
Q

Prospective memory:

A

ability to remember intentions or activities that will be required for the future

75
Q

Short term memory

A

need to have sustained attention for at least 30 sec

76
Q

Long term memory

A

a few weeks old to first memories of childhood

77
Q

Broca’s Aphasia aka expressive aphasia

A

difficulty with speaking, writing, gesturing

78
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia aka receptive aphasia

A

difficulty with comprehension of speech/reading

79
Q

Perseveration

Conceptual definition:

A

repeated movements or acts during functional performance, prefrontal = repetition of whole actions or action components, premotor = compulsive repetition of the same movement

80
Q

Perseveration

Operational definition:

A

repeats movements or acts and cannot stop them once initiated,

81
Q

Topographical Disorientation

A

Difficulty finding direction in space

82
Q

Unilateral Body Neglect

•Conceptual Definition:

A

failure to report, respond, or orient to a unilateral stimulus presented to affected side, can be due to sensory processing or attention deficits, usually affects left side of body (right side brain damage)

83
Q

Unilateral Body Neglect

Operational Definition

A

does not dress affected side, does not pull shirt down on affected side, does not correct errors on affected side

84
Q

Unilateral Spatial Neglect

•Conceptual Definition:

A

inattention or neglect of visual stimuli to affected side, may occur with hemianopsia (unilateral visual neglect)

85
Q

Unilateral Spatial Neglect

Operational Definition:

A

does not account for objects in visual field on affected side, may walk into walls/doorways/objects on affected side

86
Q

Somatoagnosia

•Conceptual Definition:

A

Disorder of body scheme, diminished awareness of body structure and failure to recognize own body parts and their relationship to each other, difficulty relating own body to objects in external environment

87
Q

Somatoagnosia

•Operational Definition

A

puts legs into arm holes, brushes mirror image of teeth, attempts to dress therapist’s arm

88
Q

Anosagnosia

•Conceptual definition:

A

denial or lack of awareness of paretic extremity, lack of insight regarding paralysis, paralyzed extremity may be referred to as an object or perceived as out of proportion to the body

89
Q

Anosagnosia

•Operational definition

A

Does not identify paralyzed body part as their own, may deny as a spate object or reject it “Somebody’s arm”

OTB 520- Phys Dys (12 decks)

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