Parkinson Flashcards
Tremor or shaking small handwriting losss of smell trouble sleeping trouble moving or walking constipation a soft or low voice masked face dizziness or fainting stooping or hunching over What are these all signs of?
A
late signs of parkinsons
B early signs of parkinsons C comorbidities of parkinsons D etiology of parkinsons
B
early signs of parkinsons
loss of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_producing cells in the basal ganglia is the reason for the above symptoms, the symptoms do not start to occur until 60-80% these cells have been lost. What cell is this A seratonin B leukocytes
C
dopamine
D
T cells
C
dopamine
___________ is mistaken for a symptom of Parkinsons’s, but is a result of treatment not he disease itself
A Dyskinesia B bradykneisa C hypokinesia D akinesia
A
Dyskinesia
slowness in maintaining movement with a smaller ROM repetitive movements get increasingly small (shuffling gait) A Akinesia B hypomimia C hypokinesia
D
Bradykinsia
D
Bradykinsia
Makes fewer automatic movements example: arm swing decreases during gait A akinesia B hypomimia
C
hypokinesia
D
bradykinesia
C
hypokinesia
masked face: decreased facial expressions body unable to respond to outward stimuli
A
akinesia
B hypomimia C hypokinesia D bradykinesia
B
hypomimia
difficulty initiating movements (freezing) when repeated automatic movement such as walking, talking, or writing
A akinesia B hypomimia C hypokinesia D bradykinesia
A
akinesia
increased mm tone caused by impairment in extrapyramidal system UE, LE, trunk, and head Can get dystonia in hands and feet from this (sustained mm contracture in abnormal position)
A
disturbed postural reflexes
B
ridgidity
C
tremor
B
ridgidity
Most common initial symptom pin rolling or money counting 1st unilateral resting \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in hand resting \_\_\_\_\_\_ disappears with movement A disturbed postural reflexes B ridgidity
C
tremor
C
tremor
increases risks of falls due to instability
A disturbed postural reflexes B ridgidity C tremor
A
disturbed postural reflexes
swallowing speech oral motor control
A
motor symptom
B
autonomic symptom
C
non-motor
B
autonomic symptom
impaired executive functioning, memory, and attention difference alternating, dividing, selective attention bradyphrenia (takes more time to retrieve from memory) executive functioning: difficulty planning/problem solving increased risk for developing dementia these are all non motor symptoms of what area? A voice and speech B sleep d/o
C
mental functions
D
depression
C
mental functions
REM sleep related d/o problem falling/staying asleep nightmares and excessive day time sleeping
A
voice and speech
B sleep d/o C mental function D depression
B
sleep d/o
dysarthria: difficulty or unclear articulation decreased volume faster or slower _______ rates monotone more high pitched
A voice and speech B sleep d/o C mental function D depression
A
voice and speech
common co-morbidity approx 50% related to serotonin imbalance secondary to impact on brain structures that produce the hormone A voice and speech B sleep d/o C mental function
D
depression
D
depression
only occurs in 20% hallucinations or delusions increased to 70% of those with the disease of 20 years or more ________ may also be due to meds or brain changes
A psychosis B anxiety C fatigue D smell d/o
A
psychosis
brain hormone imbalance/neurotransimitter imbalance
A
psychosis
B anxiety C fatigue D smell d/o
B
anxiety
increased lethargy A psychosis B anxiety
C
fatigue
D
smell d/o
C
fatigue
loss of \_\_\_\_\_ is often an early symptom in diagnosis A psychosis B anxiety C fatigue
D
smell d/o
D
smell d/o
what is forced closure of the eyelids A constipation B bradyphrenia
C
blephorasopasm
D
akinesia
C
blephorasopasm
A scale that stages the progression of parkinsons on a 1-5 grading scale
A
Berg
B
Los Ranchos
C
Hoehn and Yahr
D
Tinetti
C
Hoehn and Yahr
unilateral involvement
A
stage 1
B stage 2 C stage 1.5 D stage 2.5
A
stage 1
unilateral and axial movement A stage 1 B stage 2
C
stage 1.5
D
stage 2.5
C
stage 1.5
Bilateral involvement without impairment of balance
A
stage 1
B stage 2 C stage 1.5 D stage 2.5
B
stage 2
mild bilateral disease with recover on pull test A stage 1 B stage 2
C
stage 1.5
D
stage 2.5
D
stage 2.5
mild to moderate bilateral disease with some postural instability but physically independent
A Stage 3 B Stage 3.5 C Stage 4 D Stage 5
A
Stage 3
severe disability but still able to walk or stand unassisted A Stage 3 B Stage 3.5
C
Stage 4
D
Stage 5
C
Stage 4
Wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided
A
Stage 3
B
Stage 3.5
C
Stage 4
D
Stage 5
D
Stage 5
motor symptoms often begin \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A bilaterally B contralaterally
C
unilaterally
C
unilaterally
likely when they have less frequent and later occurring postural instability and cognitive deterioration predominantly motor symptoms such as, tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity
A
faster progression
B slower progression C increased progression D decreased progression
B
slower progression
higher age of onset cognitive deterioration
A faster progression B slower progression C increased progression D decreased progression
A
faster progression
progressive, restive, joint mobilization, postural stability/balance training, gait training, and aerobic activities more likely to improve performance skills and not task performance itself encourage client to engage in regular physical activity What OT intervention is this
A
self-management
B physical exercise C environmental cues D explore dance and music
B
physical exercise
auditory rhythmic cues - stronger than visual and tactile cues for regulating gait (walking to a 4 count song) moderate evidence to support client-preferred external cues during performance of ADL's had positive effects on motor control provide targed external cues What OT intervention is this A self-management B physical exercise
C
environmental cues
D
explore dance and music
C
environmental cues
CBT is the best approach for this intervention educate, goal setting, practice and feedback to incorporate into daily life. plan for and manage progression of the disease (home mod., grade/adapt occupations, med management, routines and caregiver education) 6-8 period over 20 sessions is the most effective time frame for this intervention What OT intervention is this
A self-management B physical exercise C environmental cues D explore dance and music
A
self-management
physical exercise auditory stimulation environmental stimulation visual cues associated with neural and basal ganglia functioning what OT intervention is this A self-management B physical exercise C environmental cues
D
explore dance and music
D
explore dance and music
These impact social interaction/motivation to participate utilize chronic disease interventions (home modification & fatigue management)
A Group interventions B CBT C Home visit
A
Group interventions
fatigue, depression and anxiety management set priorities reschedule activities as needed what general intervention is this
A
Dealing with stress and time pressure
B optimizing daily schedule C practicing arm/hand motor skills D attention to task
B
optimizing daily schedule
stress management techniques relaxation techniques time management plan for day due to increased time
A Dealing with stress and time pressure B optimizing daily schedule C practicing arm/hand motor skills D attention to task
A
Dealing with stress and time pressure
doing as part of meaningful activities and meaningful context is the most effective way to do this intervention only perform if client is capable and successful A Dealing with stress and time pressure B optimizing daily schedule
C
practicing arm/hand motor skills
D
attention to task
C
practicing arm/hand motor skills
pick action and focus on it (break down task and attend to specific motor movement) visualizing the action in advance, provide self-instruction of action, and looking at body part in action (provide mental cue) A Dealing with stress and time pressure B optimizing daily schedule C practicing arm/hand motor skills
D
attention to task
D
attention to task
Looking at activity in step by step format each step can be independent, rest, then move on performed with conscious attention (ex. swinging arms) simplified movements reduce axial rotation say steps out loud what general OT intervention is this
A Cognitive movement strategies B minimize dual task C Cues D environmental modifications
A
Cognitive movement strategies
Focus on 1 thing at a time what OT intervention is this A Cognitive movement strategies B Cues
C
minimize dual task
D
environmental modifications
C
minimize dual task
external ______ can help start and keep movement going
A
Cognitive movement strategies
B Cues C minimize dual task D environmental modifications
B
Cues
. repeated over and over in pattern to keep movement going auditory: metronome Visual: walking over lines/ following another person/ pulsing light tactile/proprioceptive: tapping legs or rhythmic vibration A multiple cue B single cue
C
rhythmic cue
D
external cue
C
rhythmic cue
auditory: saying 1 2 3 go; instruct client to start “open the door” visual: focus on a point or object in the environment, follow moving object, step over something tactile/proprioceptive: weight shift on 1 leg or moving ones one body
A
multiple cue
B single cue C rhythmic cue D external cue
B
single cue
help decrease falls declutter, visual reminders, ergonomics, and energy conservation techniques A Cognitive movement strategies B Cues C minimize dual task
D
environmental modifications
D
environmental modifications
work modifications home modifications prevent falls These are all areas to address at what stage
A early stage B preform stage C middle/late stage D end stage
A
early stage
Dysphagia management rigidity reduction environmental modifications caregiver education These are all areas to address at what stage A early stage B preform stage
C
middle/late stage
D
end stage
C
middle/late stage
teaches how normal movement should feel (biofeedback) with lots of repetition and progressive challenges so the movements become a habit. need to be certified to perform intervention A Think Small B Think Loud
C
Think Big
D
Think Soft
C
Think Big
