Terms and People (Exam #2) Flashcards by Alexis Tang

German Workers’ Party

(1918) Initial name of political party that Hitler started

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National Socialist German Workers’ Party

AKA Nazi Party

Changed name of the German Workers’ Party

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president vs. chancellor

chancellor - advisor to president, head of Parliament who can appoint members of the cabinet

Hitler had access to Minister of the Interior (police and security)

president - only important power is article 48 (presidential emergency powers): 1.) can decide national emergency, dissolve Parliament, pass laws alone 2.) suspend civic rights 3.) arrest/jail any “enemies” to the state

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Volksgemeinschaft

“community of the people” idealized by Hitler

2 traits: loyalty/obedience to the Nazi party and Aryan

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Gleichschaltung

“To make all the same”: idea in Nazi cultural policy

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Jewish population statistics during the Holocaust

90% of Jews killed in Germany, Austria, and Poland

89% in Czechoslovakia

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pogrom

Organized attack on a specific ethnic/religious group

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Einsatzgruppen

Special Nazi task forces that moved Jews into ghettos

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Differences between the US and the Soviet Union

Democracy and free enterprise

Authoritarianism and command economy

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Percentages of territories that the Soviet Union received during the Moscow (3rd) meeting

90% Romania
10% Greece
50% Yugoslavia
50% Hungary
75% Bulgaria

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Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945)

Born in Linz, Austria. Moved to Vienna for art school and learned 2 other things

Beer Hall Putsch (1923), jail and Mein Kampf (1925), enter parliamentary rule, chancellor (1933), führer (1934)

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Sigmund Freud

Father of psychoanalysis

Gave Hitler idea of manipulation through emotion

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Karl Leuger

Taught Hitler how to win votes with anti-semitism

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Paul von Hindenburg (1847 - 1934)

(Feb. 28, 1933) President tricked by Hitler to call a national emergency, which gave the Nazi Party more power because of the Reichstag Fire Decree

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Bishop Clemens von Galen

(~1940) Discovered Action T4

Sermon about violence, how the Nazi Party was the greatest attack on Germany, and the fate of the disabled

Called Action T4 “massacre of the innocents”

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Reinhard Heydrich

2nd most powerful Nazi and “man with the iron heart”

Sept. 21, 1939: ordered Jews into ghettos

Suggested killing Jews to save resources, then gas chambers for efficiency

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Winston Churchill

Prime minister of Britain (1940 - 1945)

(1946) Iron Curtain speech falsely blamed Stalin alone for cold war tensions

Joseph Stalin

Head of Soviet Union, ended reign 1953

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

US president (1933 - Apr. 1945)

Attends first two meetings, but gets sick and Averell Harriman represents him at the third

Called Percentages Agreement a naughty doc

Averell Harriman

Represented Roosevelt during the Moscow meeting

Harry S Truman

US president (Apr. 1945)

Attended the fifth meeting in Potsdam

Josef Goebbels

Led Reich Ministry of Propaganda and Popular Enlightenment

Goal: Gleichschaltung

Baldur von Schirach

Led the Hitler Youth

Robert Ley

Led the “Strength through Joy” program that bribed people with a cruiseline and vacation resort in Prora at the Baltic Sea

Hans Frank

Led Generalgouvernment in Poland when WWII started Forced Jews into ghettos

George F. Kennan

Involved in early development of policy of containment Observed Stalin/Soviet Union, concluded that they will only respond to military force Made the Long Telegram (1946)

Syngman Rhee

(1875-1965) Pro-US Korean nationalist who was brutal to Koreans who supported Soviet Union

Kim Il Sung

(1912-1994) Pro-Soviet Korean who support Leninist ideas Wanted North Korea to control both halves, invaded South Korea leading to Korean War (1950)

Kim Jong-Un

(2011-present) Grandson of Kim Il Sung

Ho Chi Minh

Name: "bringer of light" Vietnamese nationalist who tried meeting Wilson in Paris (1919), exposed to Leninist ideas there Studied revolutionary theory and military rule in Soviet Union, returns to Vietnam (1941) Organized Viet Minh movement Controlled northern Vietnam after French left

Ngo Dinh Diem

Controlled southern Vietnam after French left

Non-aligned states are

Egypt, Yugoslavia, India

Korean nationalists were inspired by these ideas

Lenin's idea of a revolutionary vanguard, from the Bolshevik Revolution

38th parallel

(1945) Division of Korea established after Japanese surrendered in WWII

Republic of Korea

(1988) South Korea was democratic and multiparty since then

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

North Korea had single-party rule with Korean Workers' Party

Indochina

Developments of the Vietnam War took place here

Nguyen Dynasty

(1802) Took over Vietnam, but French took over in 1887

guerrilla warfare v. traditional warfare

Guerrilla warfare has small, fast, lightly armed units that used tactics like hit-and-run, raids, and ambushes

Viet Minh

(1941) Pro-Leninist movement with guerrilla warfare organized by Ho Chi Minh Attacked Japanese invasion in Vietnam until they left in 1945 (Mar. - May. 1954) Defeated French in Dien Bien Phu, ending First Indochina War

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

(1975) Name of new state after Vietnam War/Second Indochina War Single-party rule with Communist Party of Vietnam