Exam 3: (6/6) Middle East and Israeli-Palestinian Relations

Question 1

Palestine (history, 2 sets of dates)

Answer 1

Part of the Roman Empire, where Romans expelled Jews

Adopted Islam after being in the Ottoman Empire

(WWI-WWII+) Under British control

***(May 14, 1948) Independent state of Israel established

Question 2

Who founded Zionism and when?

Answer 2

(Late 19th Century) Vienna

Movement in reaction to anti-semitism in local area

Founded by Theodore Herzl, a Jew

Question 3

World Zionist Organization

When/where was its first meeting?

Answer 3

Founded by Theodore Herzl

(1897) First meeting in Basel, Switzerland created the Basel Program

Question 4

Basel Program (year)

Answer 4

(1897) Formed during first World Zionist Organization meeting

Called for independent Jewish state in the promised land (Palestine)

Question 5

Balfour Declaration (year)

Answer 5

(Nov. 1917) Brits promise to support Zionist dream of an independent state

Wanted support of enemy states containing Jews

Named after diplomat Arthur Balfour

Question 6

When did Jews first move to Palestine?

Answer 6

1904

Question 7

When did the Brits gain Palestine? Effect?

Answer 7

post-WWI

further encouraged the migration of the Jews

Question 8

When was there increasing conflict between the Jews and Palestinians?

Answer 8

1920s 1930s

Question 9

Jewish term for communal farms, displaced native Palestinians

Answer 9

kibbutz

Question 10

Great Uprising (years)

Answer 10

(1936-1939) Major, violent Palestinian revolt using terrorism

Brits decided to stop migration of Jews, but this was a bad time because of the Holocaust

Question 11

Stern Gang (year)

Answer 11

(1940) Jewish terrorist organization that wanted the British to leave Palestine

Led by Yitzhak Shamir, who later became prime minister

AKA Lehi Group

Question 12

Haganah

What did it become? Who led it? What else did they do?

Answer 12

Another terrorist group

Branched into Irgun, led by Menachem Begin

Responsible for bombing King David Hotel

Question 13

Bombing of King David Hotel (year)

Answer 13

(July 1946) Irgun targeted this British office, leaving 91 dead

Caused the Brits to leave Palestine

Question 14

When did the Brits leave Palestine?

Answer 14

1947, due to King David Hotel incident

Question 15

When was the UN founded, and what did they do?

Answer 15

(Oct. 1945) Goal of promoting international cooperation and peace through negotiations

(Nov. 1947) Came up with Resolution 181 at British request

Question 16

Resolution 181 (year)

Answer 16

(Nov. 1947) UN created this to decide who rules Palestine after the Brits leave

Divided Palestine into uneven Jewish and Arab states, leading to the First Palestine War

Question 17

First Palestine War (2 sets of years)

Answer 17

(Nov. 1947 - Mar. 1949) Result of the failure of Resolution 181

(May 1948) Israel announced as independent in the middle of the war

Israel conquered Arab states, forcing out Palestinian refugees

Question 18

When did the Jews announce the independence of their state? Characteristics?

Answer 18

May 14, 1948

Parliamentary rule (Knesset) and multiparty, but not multiethnic

Question 19

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Who formed it in what year? Who replaced the first leader, and when?

Answer 19

(1964) Formed by Palestinian refugees after the First Palestine War

Led by Yassar Arafat, (2004) replaced by Mahmoud Abbas

Question 20

What is Knesset? (year)

Answer 20

***(May 14, 1948) Jewish Parliamentary rule that was est. when Israel first became independent