Exam 3: (5/6) Cold War Afghanistan

Question 1

Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan

When were they relieved from Soviet control?

Answer 1

(1991)

Question 2

When was the Durrani Empire created?

First capital? (year)

Answer 2

(1700-1750) Created

First capital: Kandahar

(1776) Capital moved to Kabul, swapped between cities throughout history

Question 3

Afghanistan (history, 2 sets of dates)

Answer 3

(Late 19th Century) Fell under British control

(1919) Regained indepdence out of turmoil, new gov’t ruled by a monarchy, Shah Amanullah Khan

Question 4

Shah Amanullah Khan (years)

Answer 4

(1919 - Jan. 1929)

First king of Afghanistan

Devout Muslim modernizer, but was too impatient

Pushed for women’s education, mandatory elementary schooling, co-ed schools, burqa not required

Fundamentalist rebels forced him to abdicate throne, replaced by Shah Zahir

Question 5

Shah Mohammad Zahir (years)

Answer 5

(Jan. 1929-1973) Replaced Shah Khan

Gradual modernization gave Afghanistan a golden age

Cousin Daoud Khan made a coup d’etat

Question 6

Shah Mohammad Daoud Khan (years)

Answer 6

(1973-1978) Cousin of Zahir, pushed for rapid modernization but was removed

Republic est., multiparty and parliamentary rule

Violent Saur Revolution overthrew the republic

Question 7

Saur Revolution (year)

Answer 7

(1978) Overthrew Daoud’s republic violently, killed him and his family

People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan began control with pro-soviet/Bolshevik ideals, mainly atheist or anti-religious

Promoted women’s rights and education, arrested opposition

Mujahideen rose in power during this time

Financial and military aid from USSR

Responsible for landing Afghanistan in the Cold War

Question 8

Mujahideen

Answer 8

New political force of fundamentalists occurring at the same time as PDPA

Question 9

PDPA leader killed by a Mujahideen member (year)

Answer 9

(Sept. 1979) PDPA power threatened

Question 10

Soviet-Afghan War (years)

Answer 10

(Dec. 1979) - (Feb. 1989) USSR invaded Afghanistan

Initially poorly armed, Mujahideen supported by US aid (heat-seeking stinger missles) began to win

At the end, PDPA/USSR were losing, so Gorbachev pulled USSR out of the war

Question 11

Civil war in Afghanistan (years)

Answer 11

(1992-1996) After Soviet-Afghan War ended (Feb. 1989)

Mujahideen won against PDPA, est new somewhat fundamentalist state Islamic State of Afghanistan

Taliban did not think it was fundamentalist enough

Question 12

Islamic State of Afghanistan (years)

Answer 12

(1992-1996) New religious state est. after Mujahideen won the civil war, but did not mean Taliban standards

Question 13

Taliban (2 sets of dates)

Answer 13

(1994) Came into existence in response to Islamic State of Afghanistan

(1996-2001) Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, extremely fundamentalist

United Front fought against them

Still some power today

Question 14

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (years)

Answer 14

(1996-2001) Formed by the Taliban to curtail women’s freedoms

Question 15

Department for the Propagation of Virtue and th Suppression of Vice

Answer 15

type of religious police who followed women around

Question 16

Osama bin Laden

Answer 16

(9/11/01) Leader of Al-Qaeda requested for US trial, but he refused and the US invaded Afghanistan

Question 17

When and how did Afghanistan gain independence?

Answer 17

(1919) Regained indepdence out of turmoil, new gov’t ruled by a monarchy, Shah Amanullah Khan

Question 18

First king of Afghanistan, and when was he forced off the throne? Who replaced him

Answer 18

(1919 - Jan. 1929) Shah Amanullah Khan replaced by Zahir

Question 19

Who established a republic with multiparty and Parliamentary rule?

Answer 19

(1973-1978) Shah Mohammad Daoud Khan