Exam 3: (4/6) Cold War Africa

Question 1

decolonization (years)

Answer 1

Process began between WWI and WWII (1918-1939)

Question 2

3 problems of decolonization

Answer 2

1. ) poverty
2. ) new gov’ts were brutal/corrupt/authoritarian
3. ) ethnic tension

Question 3

South Africa (3 sets of dates, history of being colonized)

Answer 3

(1600s) Dutch/English arrived for rich resources, stayed until 19th century

(1800s-WWII) English domination

(19th century) Asians and Indians moved there and worked for the English

Question 4

apartheid (time period)

Answer 4

Intensified in 19th century

Question 5

National Party of South Africa (year)

Answer 5

Result of 1948 elections, Afrikaner and Reunited National Parties combined

Both wanted deepening of apartheid

Question 6

Grand Apartheid (year)

Answer 6

(1948)

Question 7

Law where different colors cannot do the sex

Answer 7

Immortality Act of 1950

Question 8

Law where people must be registered as 1 of 3 colors

Answer 8

Population Registration Act of 1950

Question 9

fancier pass laws dictating where you can travel

Answer 9

Pass books

Question 10

Forced resettlements in. shitty homelands “bantustans” where blacks and coloreds lived

Answer 10

Bantu Authorities Act of 1951

Question 11

Formalized whites-only public services

Answer 11

Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953

Question 12

Gave gov’t power to declar state of emergency (if there were protests against apartheid)

Did NOT stop protests

Answer 12

Public Safety Act of 1953

Question 13

when did protests against apartheid begin?

Answer 13

1950s

Question 14

African National Congress (year)

Answer 14

(1912) Protested early apartheid, very active after WWII

Involved in Sharpeville Massacre and people not carrying pass books (69 dead, 180 wounded, 18000 arrested)

Question 15

Nelson Mandela (3 years)

Answer 15

(1962) ANC member arrested and imprisoned for 27 years
(1993) Got Nobel Peace Prize
(1994) Became president when ANC won elections

Question 16

when did apartheid gain international awareness?

Answer 16

1970s 1980s

Question 17

Rwanda (history)

Answer 17

Under Congo Free State by Leopold II

Controlled by Belgium after WWI

Question 18

Tutsis and Hutus

Answer 18

Belgiums favored the Tutsis, made artificial racial divide

Question 19

Violent revolution in Rwanda (year)

Answer 19

(1959) Locals tried to force Belgiums to leave, civil war between Hutus and Tutsis

Question 20

When did Rwanda become independent?

Answer 20

(1962) Hutus set up gov’t, Tutsis take refuge in bordering countries

Question 21

Rwandan Patriotic Front (2 years)

Answer 21

Formed by Tutsi refugees after being kicked out of Rwanda

(1990) Tried to invade Rwanda and seize Hutu gov’t

(July 1994) Tutsis gain control of gov’t after genocide

Question 22

Rwandan genocide (year)

Answer 22

(Apr. 1994) Rwandan president’s plane was shot down, sparking genocide

Hutus intentionally tried to wipe out Tutsis, killing 500K with machetes

Question 23

Darfur genocide (year)

Answer 23

(2003-present) 500K died in Sudan, 2.5M fled