Exam 3: (4/6) Cold War Africa Flashcards
decolonization (years)
Process began between WWI and WWII (1918-1939)
3 problems of decolonization
- ) poverty
- ) new gov’ts were brutal/corrupt/authoritarian
- ) ethnic tension
South Africa (3 sets of dates, history of being colonized)
(1600s) Dutch/English arrived for rich resources, stayed until 19th century
(1800s-WWII) English domination
(19th century) Asians and Indians moved there and worked for the English
apartheid (time period)
Intensified in 19th century
National Party of South Africa (year)
Result of 1948 elections, Afrikaner and Reunited National Parties combined
Both wanted deepening of apartheid
Grand Apartheid (year)
(1948)
Law where different colors cannot do the sex
Immortality Act of 1950
Law where people must be registered as 1 of 3 colors
Population Registration Act of 1950
fancier pass laws dictating where you can travel
Pass books
Forced resettlements in. shitty homelands “bantustans” where blacks and coloreds lived
Bantu Authorities Act of 1951
Formalized whites-only public services
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953
Gave gov’t power to declar state of emergency (if there were protests against apartheid)
Did NOT stop protests
Public Safety Act of 1953
when did protests against apartheid begin?
1950s
African National Congress (year)
(1912) Protested early apartheid, very active after WWII
Involved in Sharpeville Massacre and people not carrying pass books (69 dead, 180 wounded, 18000 arrested)
Nelson Mandela (3 years)
(1962) ANC member arrested and imprisoned for 27 years
(1993) Got Nobel Peace Prize
(1994) Became president when ANC won elections
when did apartheid gain international awareness?
1970s 1980s
Rwanda (history)
Under Congo Free State by Leopold II
Controlled by Belgium after WWI
Tutsis and Hutus
Belgiums favored the Tutsis, made artificial racial divide
Violent revolution in Rwanda (year)
(1959) Locals tried to force Belgiums to leave, civil war between Hutus and Tutsis
When did Rwanda become independent?
(1962) Hutus set up gov’t, Tutsis take refuge in bordering countries
Rwandan Patriotic Front (2 years)
Formed by Tutsi refugees after being kicked out of Rwanda
(1990) Tried to invade Rwanda and seize Hutu gov’t
(July 1994) Tutsis gain control of gov’t after genocide
Rwandan genocide (year)
(Apr. 1994) Rwandan president’s plane was shot down, sparking genocide
Hutus intentionally tried to wipe out Tutsis, killing 500K with machetes
Darfur genocide (year)
(2003-present) 500K died in Sudan, 2.5M fled
