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2 Weeks > terms 17 > Flashcards

terms 17 Flashcards

1
Q

transopson derivedrepititive

A
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2
Q

how much genom trnacsvibed

A

70

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3
Q

argonaute family

A

ago family
the biogenesis is related to the small rna

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4
Q

small rna

A

piwi /pi rna
endgenous si rna/ small interfering rna
mi rna /micro

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5
Q

pri-miRNA

A

primary transcript of micro mrna

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6
Q

clevage of the pri-mirna ?

A

drosha and DGCR8

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7
Q

EVERY RNA THAT EXPORT OUT OF THE NUCLEOUS ARE MATURE

A

NO- PRE MIRNA !

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8
Q

export of the pre-miRna

A

exportin 5 and ran cofactor

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9
Q

exportin 5

A

nulcear transporter reseptor family
sense the dsrna and short 3 prime overhang

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

dicer where ? what produce reltaed to micro rna

A

in cytoplasm
cut the terminal loop
mi rna duplexes
conserved in all euk

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12
Q

each end of mi rna

A

drosha and dicer

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13
Q

Paralogues

A

genes within the same genome that originate from a common ancestral gene through duplication events.

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14
Q

RNA POL 3 TRANSCRIBE

A

rRNA 5S ,TRNA SOME SN RNA

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15
Q

MOST CONSERVED MI-RNA

A

SEED SEQUENCE

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16
Q

RNA POL 2 TRANSCRIBE

A

MRNA PRECURSOR,MI RNA , SI RNA

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17
Q

ENDOGENOUS HAIR PIN SHAPED TRANSCRIPT

A

MIRNA

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18
Q

IN DEGREFATION OF THE MI-RNA WHICH ARE THE PATHWAY EACH BY WHAT

A

EXOSOME= POLY ADENYLATIO 3 TO 5
EXONUCLEOUS =M7G CAPPING -,5 TO 3 PRIME

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19
Q

Ago pr exo/ endo

A

Exonucketic activity the miran duplexes are loaded inside
Rna helicase

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20
Q

DNA is positione inside the rna pol

A

Groove between the.b and b prime subunit

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21
Q

Transient excursion

A

Forward:/ reverse translocation

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22
Q

Inchworming

A

Flexible rnapol

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23
Q

Scruhching

A

Flexibility dna

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24
Q

Trcf

A

Transc4iption coupling factor

25
Q

Topisomerase negative or positve

A

Negative

26
Q
A
27
Q

CAN TRANSLOCATION LEADS TO ANEUPLOIDY ?

A

YES , ROBERTSONIAN REDUCE THE NUMBER -TYPE OF THE NON RECIPROCAL

28
Q

LEAST GENE ON WHICH CHROMOSME OF HUMANS

A

CHROMOMSE 21 !

29
Q

familial down syndrom

A

robertsonian

30
Q

primary down syndrom

A

trisomy 21 -47

31
Q

2n but all non homologous which is the case

A

allopolyploidy ! sterile

32
Q

autoployploid

A

nondisjunctiion set of chromosomes
1 species

33
Q

allopolyploidy

A

fuse 2 species increase set

34
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease. It is an umbrella term used to describe chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI
high in south of Italy

35
Q

Divergent adaptive evolution

A

process in which populations or species undergo evolutionary changes that lead to divergence in their traits, behaviors, or adaptations.

italy pop

36
Q

mechanisms underlying adoption

A

physiological adaptation - developmental plasticity- -fully genetic

37
Q

phenotypic diversity

A

epigenetic

38
Q

intergemrational

A

not direct stimuli

39
Q

transgenerational

A

indirect- non exposued generation

40
Q

dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane

A

DDT

41
Q

RISC

A

GUIDING TO TARGET MI RNA SI RNA
PICH WHICH ONE TO BE MATURE
DECAY MACHINERY IN MI RNA

42
Q

ENZYME FOR DEADYNELYATION

A

EXOSOME RECRUIT BY RISC

43
Q

ENZYME FOR DECAPPING

A

EXONUCLEOUS RECRUIT BY RISC

44
Q

EFFECTIVENESS SIGNALING PATHWAY

A

SPACE AND TME

45
Q

THE SI RNA BIOGENESIS LACK WHAT

A

DROSHA

46
Q

ANTIVIRAL RESPOND BY WHICH RNA

A

SI-RNA

47
Q

THE ORGIN OF THE MI-RNA VS TTHE SI- RNA

A

MI-RNA : :HAIRPIN SHAPED TRASNCRIPT
SI-RNA : DS RNA

48
Q

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE si-rna and mi-rna

A

RNA Interference (RNAi):

Both siRNAs and miRNAs are involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, a natural cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression by post-transcriptional gene silencing.
Dicer Processing:

Both siRNAs and miRNAs are processed by an enzyme called Dicer. Dicer cleaves long double-stranded RNA precursors into smaller duplexes with characteristic ends.
RISC Incorporation:

Processed siRNAs and miRNAs are incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), where they function as guides for target mRNA recognition and silencing.
Target mRNA Binding:

Both siRNAs and miRNAs use base pairing to recognize and bind to specific sequences on target mRNAs. This binding leads to post-transcriptional gene silencing.
Cleavage of Target mRNA:

The binding of both siRNAs and miRNAs to their target mRNAs within the RISC complex can result in mRNA cleavage and degradation, inhibiting protein synthesis.
Gene Regulation:

Both types of small RNAs play key roles in the regulation of gene expression, influencing various cellular processes, including development, differentiation, and response to environmental stimul
both transcribed by the trna pol2

49
Q

differences BETWEEN THE si-rna and mi-rna

A

Differences:

Source of Origin:

siRNA: Typically originates from exogenous sources, such as viral infections or experimentally introduced double-stranded RNA.
miRNA: Originate from endogenous transcripts produced by the cell’s own genome.
Origin Processing:

siRNA: Arises from perfectly complementary double-stranded RNA precursors.
miRNA: Arises from hairpin structures within single-stranded RNA precursors (pri-miRNA), forming imperfect duplexes after processing.
Number of Strands in RISC:

siRNA: Usually only one strand (the guide strand) is incorporated into the RISC complex.
miRNA: Both strands (miRNA/miRNA*) can be incorporated into the RISC complex, and either strand can function as a guide.
Target Specificity:

siRNA: Typically has high sequence specificity and is designed to target a specific mRNA.
miRNA: May have partial complementarity to multiple mRNAs, allowing regulation of multiple targets.
Biological Function:

siRNA: Often used experimentally or in therapeutic applications to silence specific genes.
miRNA: Involved in the fine-tuning of gene expression, developmental processes, and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Biogenesis Pathway:

siRNA: Mainly associated with the exogenous small RNA pathway.
miRNA: Mainly associated with the endogenous small RNA pathway.

50
Q

flamenco gene encode

A

pi -rna

51
Q

transposase

A

mediate the cut and paste activity of the transposons

52
Q

backsplicing

A

lncRna

53
Q

circular rna in euk

A

lncrna can be both linear or circular

54
Q

lncrna interact

A

pr-mrna/mirna-dna

55
Q

sense vs anti sense vs biderectional

A

sense same sequence as the RNA product
antisense transcription produces RNA molecules with sequences that are complementary to the mRNA
bidirectional : simultaneous transcription of both the sense and anti-sense strand

56
Q

miRna sponge

A

long non ocding rna that contain multiple mi-rna binding site
induce translation by decoding the mi rna

57
Q

polyribosome

A

complex of multiple ribosomes translating a single mRNA (messenger RNA) molecule simultaneously.

58
Q

cap undependent

A

ires, long non coding rna

59
Q

degradosome

A

main degredation enzyme for degredating the mrna of the prokaryote

2 Weeks (10 decks)

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