Terminology Flashcards
Defined as an interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system or organ structure that is characterized by a recognized etiologic agent, an identifiable group of sign and symptoms, or consistent anatomic alterations
Disease
Study of disease process affecting the physiological functions of the body
Pathophysiology
Is the study of the nature of cause of disease, which involves changes in structures and function
Pathology
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A disease or abnormal condition usually involves changes at the organ or system - know as…
As well at the cellular level known as…
Gross changes
Microscopic changes
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Pathology laboratory studies required to establish the cause of a disease examine tissue specimen from____
Or examination after death know as _______
Biopsy (excision of very small amount of living tissue)
Autopsy
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_____, concerns the causative factors in a particular disease
Etiology
there may be one or more causative factors.
Recognized etiology agents are:
biology agents: bacteria, viruses
physical trauma: trauma, burns, radiation
chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
nutritional excesses and deficits
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Etiology factors can cause disease to be present at birth (______) or surface later in life (_______)
Congenital (born with condition)
Acquired
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When the cause of disease is unknown, it is termed….
Idiopathic
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When a treatment, procedure, or an error may cause a disease, it is described as______
Iatrogenic
eg urinary bladder infection following urinary catheterization - risk of bladder infection
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Risk factors (AKA______) indicate a risk for a disease. These factors may include age, gender, inherited factors, occupational exposures, or certain dietary practices
Predisposed factors
like genetics
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Is a condition that triggers an acute episode, such as a seizure in an individual with seizure disorder
Precipitating factor
like epilepsy
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What is closely linked to etiology and predisposing factors for a specific disease?
Prevention of disease
Preventative disease measures include (3)
Primary prevention
Remove risk factors (eg avoid consuming high levels of cholesterol and saturated fats in prevention of Coronary Heart Disease)
Secondary prevention (Early diagnosis)
Detect disease early when it’s still asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop it from progressing (screening)
(eg pap test, mammogram)
Tertiary prevention
Clinical intervention to prevent further deterioration or reduce the complications of disease once it has been diagnosed
(eg use of beta-adrenic drugs to reduce the risk of death in persons who’ve had heart attacks
Splints, physiotherapy)
Term refers to the sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with etiological agent until the ultimate expression of disease
Pathogenesis
Exposure to agent > expression of disease
eg atherosclerosis leading to coronary disease
______ may be sudden and obvious or acute
eg gastroenteritis with vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps
Onset of disease (sudden/ acute)
