Health and disease in population - public health stuff Flashcards
Epidemiology/ Patterns of disease…
Term - is the study of disease occurrence in human population.
Looks for patterns of persons affected with a particular disorder such as age, race dietary habits, lifestyles and geographic regions
Epidemiology
Epidemiology/ Patterns of disease…
Persons who investigates ‘“how disease happens”’
biomedical researcher
Epidemiology/ Patterns of disease…
An ________ investigates when a disease happens
Epidemiologist
Epidemiology/ Patterns of disease…
Epidemiologists findings help to determine
How disease is spread
how to control it
how to prevent it
how to eliminate it
Epidemiology/ Patterns of disease…
Epidemiologists studies serve as a basis for…
Clinical decision making
allocation of health care dollars
development of health policies related to the public health issue
Prevalence vs incidence
Are measures of disease frequency/ disease occurrence
Both incidence and prevalance are reported as rates ie cases per 100 or per 100,000
___________, can either be an existing case or a newly diagnosed case within a given period
Disease case
existing case or newly diagnosed case
___________, reflect the number of new cases in a population at risk within a stated time period
Incidence
new cases
___________, refers to the number of new and old or existing cases within a specific population and time period
Prevalence
old vs new cases
___________, occur ehen there are higher than expected number cases of an infectious disease within a given area
Epidemics
localized area
___________, involves higher number cases in many regions of the globe
Pandemic
global
___________, are infections that can spread from one person to another
Communicable disease
___________, (type of cases) must be reported by a physician to certain designated authorities to prevent further spread of disease
Case requiring notification or reportable disease
ie. measles, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Refers to the progression and projected outcome of the disease without medical intervention
Natural history
Studies of natural history can be used to
Determine disease outcome
Establish priorities for health care services
Determine effects of early screening/ detection programs…
To compare results of new treatments with the expected outcome without treatment, etc…
To study ______, refers to teh probable outcome and prospects of recovery from a disease
can be designated as chances of full recovery, possibly of complications, or anticipated survival time
prognosis
often presented in relation to treatment options
