Inflammation Flashcards
Generic, non-specific response that occurs in response to any type of bodily injury.
Its response is identical whether the injurious agent is pathogenic organism, foreign body, ischemia, physical trauma, ionization radiation, electrical injury…
Inflammation
It is a protective response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, remove the damaged tissue and generate new tissue
> accomplishes this by diluting, destroying or otherwise neutralizing the harmful agent
> it is followed by the events that will eventually heal and reconstitute the damaged tissue
Inflammation
- inflam. conditions are named by adding suffix “itis”
eg. tendonitis, appendicitis, tonsillitis
Causes of inflammation (6)
1) immune response to pathogenic microorganisms
2) trauma (sprain/ligament, strain/muscle)
3) surgery
4) caustic (burning/corrosive, chemicals (poisons)
5) temperature extremes (burns)
6) ischemic tissue damage (lack of oxygen)
Classical/ cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness (rubor) heat (calor) swelling (tumor) pain (dolor) malfunction (functio lease/ loss of motion/ use)
what are the 2 types of inflammation
acute inflammation
chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation - mechanism… (4)
1) recognition of occurred injury
2) inflammatory response (3)
3) elimination of the cause
4) inhibition of the inflammatory response
Acute inflammation responses (3)
Vascular stage - immediate vascular changes
Cellular stage - influx of inflammatory cells
Mediators stage
Acute inflammation stage -
Hemodynamic changes occur with inflammation occur immediately past injury
Steps > initiated by constriction of small blood vessels in the area
> rapid vasodilation of arterioles, venules that supply area with blood flow
> causes heat/ redness (cardinal signs of inflammation) + outpouring protein rich fluid
> accumulation of fluids in the tissue space > produces swelling, pain impaired function (other cardinal signs of inflammation)
> as fluid moves out of vessels, stagnation of flow and clotting of blood occurs
> Aids in localizing the spread of infectious microorganism
Vascular stage
What are these?
1) an immediate transient response > occurs with minor injury
2) an immediate sustained response > occurs with more serious injury and continues for several days and damages vessels in the area
3) a delayed hemodynamic response > involves an increase in capillary permeability that occurs for 4-24 hours after injury (sunburn)
Vascular changes that may occur with inflammation
Acute inflammation stage -
Marked by movement of phagocytic white blood cells (leucocytes) into the area of injury
Cellular stage
Within cellular stage there are 2 types of leucocytes that participate in the acute inflammatory response - what are they?
1) granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
2) monocytes - largest of white blood cells
STEPS > margination of leucocytes > transmigration/ emigration > chemotaxis > adherence > phagocytosis
sequence of events - Cellular response
Occurs in the early stages of inflammation in which WBC tend to occupy the periphery (PAVEMENTING)
Margination (and adhesion) of leucocytes to the endothelial lining
Movement of WBC out of the capillaries into the interstitial space
Transmigration (emigration)
Chemically stimulated movement of phagocytes to teh site of damage
Chemotaxis
