Teratomas, Dermoids, and Soft Tissue Tumors Flashcards
Regarding germ cell tumour all of the following are correct except:
A. Germ cells develop from pluripotent cells.
B. Dysgerminoma is a hormone secretion tumour.
C. Immature teratoma is a premature condition.
D. Yolk sac endodermal sinus tumour develops from intraembryonic differentiation.
E. Trophoblastic choriocarcinoma is a hormone-secreting tumour.
D
Yolk sac endodermal sinus tumor develops from extraembryonic differentiation.
Syed/MCQ
Which of the following statements regarding type of sacrococcygeal teratoma is false?
A. Type I is predominantly external with minimum presacral component.
B. Type II is external with significant intrapelvic component.
C. Type III is external with predominant pelvic mass with extension into the abdomen.
D. Type IV is entirely presacral with external presentation.
E. All of the above are false.
E
All statements A, B, C, and D related to types of sacrococcygeal teratoma are true.
Syed/MCQ
Alpha-fetoprotein is high in all of the following conditions except:
A. Embryonal carcinoma.
B. Endodermal sinus tumour
C. Seminoma.
D. Hepatic malignancy.
E. Hypothyroidism.
C
Alpha-fetoprotein does not rise in seminoma.
Syed/MCQ
In all of the following conditions, Beta HCG is high except:
A. Choriocarcinoma.
B. Hydatidiform mole.
C. Germ cell tumour without trophoblastic component.
D. Hepatoma.
E. Hepatoblastoma.
C
Beta-HCG is secreted in germ cell tumors containing trophoblastic component (eg choriocarcinoma).
Syed/MCQ
The commonest site of germ cell tumour is:
A. Sacrococcygeal.
B. Mediastinal.
C. Abdominal.
D. Ovarian.
E. Testicular.
Sacrococcygeal area is the commonest site of germ cell tumour.
According to site, germ cell is divided as follows. Extragonadal
(a) Sacrococcigeal 41 percent
(b) Mediastinal 6 percent
(c) Abdominal 5 percent
(d) Intracranial 6 percent
(e) Head and neck 4 percent
(f) Vagina 1 percent
Gonadal
(a) Ovarian 29 percent
(b) Testicular 7 percent
Syed/MCQ
Factors associated with worst prognosis in malignant germ cell tumour include all except:
A. An extragonadal location.
B. Age less than 11 years.
C. Extent of disease.
D. Inability to perform complete resection.
E. Germinoma or mixed germ cell tumour.
B
Age greater than eleven years old results in bad prognosis.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding teratoma in children, all of the following are true except:
A. Contains all the three germ layer.
B. Tumour size does not relate to the risk of malignancy.
C. Children less than two years of age risk of malignancy is 10–20 percent.
D. After 2 years of age, risk of malignancy is almost 80 percent.
E. Radiation is commonly used in this disease.
E
Radiation is rarely used in this condition.
Syed/MCQ
Which of the following is not germ cell tumour.
A. Leydig cell. B. Yolk sac. C. Mixed germ cell tumour. D. Seminoma. E. Teratoma.
A
Leydig cell tumor is gonadal stromal cell tumor.
Syed/MCQ
Which of the following is commonest testicular tumour?
A. Rhabdomyosarcoma. B. Yolk sac tumour. C. Teratoma. D. Mixed germ cell tumour. E. Seminoma.
C
Teratoma is commonest;
testicular tumor accounts for 54%.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding rhabdomyosarcoma, which of the following is false?
A. It arises from embryonic mesenchyme.
B. It has the potential to differentiate into smooth muscle.
C. It accounts 15 percent of solid tumours.
D. It accounts 50 percent of soft tissue sarcoma.
E. It is sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
B.
(It has the potential to differentiate into skeletal, not smooth, muscle.)
Syed/MCQ
The commonest site of rhabdomyosarcoma is:
A. Head and neck. B. Genitourinary. C. Prostate. D. Limbs. E. Chest.
A
Head and neck is the commonest site and accounts for 35 percent of cases. Others include genitourinary without prostate and urinary bladder 16 percent, prostate and bladder 10 percent, limbs 19 percent and others 20 percent.
Syed/MCQ
Commonest histological type of rhabdomyosarcoma is:
A. Alveolar. B. Botroid. C. Embryonal. D. Pleomorphic. E. Undifferentiated
C
Commonest histological type of rhabdomyosarcoma is embryonal, which accounts for 54 percent.
Others include botroid 4.5 percent, alveolar 18.5 percent, pleomorphic 0.5 percent, and undifferentiated 6.5 percent.
Syed/MCQ
Which one of rhabdomyosarcoma has the best prognosis?
A. Alveolar. B. Pleomorphic. C. Embryonal. D. Spindle cell. E. Botroid.
E
Botroid has the best prognosis.
Syed/MCQ
Which of the following comes in category IIC, according to clinical group classification of rhabdomyosarcoma?
A. Microscopic residual tumour at primary site and pathological negative lymph node.
B. Non-residual tumour at primary site and pathological positive lymph node.
C. Gross residual.
D. Distant metastasis.
E. None of the above.
E None of the above.
In the clinical group classification of rhabdomyosarcoma, statement A is IIA, statement B is IIB, statement C is III, statement D is IV.
Category IIC is explained as microscopic residual tumour at primary site and pathological positive lymph node.
Syed/MCQ
All of the following are considered unfavourable site for rhabdomyosarcoma except:
A. Parameningeal head and neck.
B. Bladder.
C. Prostate.
D. Limb.
E. Orbit.
E
Orbit is considered a favourable site. Other favourable sites of rhabdomyosarcoma are superficial head and neck, testes, vagina and uterus.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding sarcoma of bone in children, which of the following statements is not true?
A. Sarcoma of bone comprises 5 percent of all malignant paediatric tumours.
B. For osteosarcoma of long bones, long-term survival is less than 30 per cent.
C. Evan’s sarcoma is small, blue round cell tumour.
D. Ewing’s sarcoma local control rate is 90 percent.
E. Ewing’s sarcoma is chemo-sensitive.
B
For the osteosarcoma of the long bones long-term survival is about 68 percent.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding ovarian cyst and tumour, all of the following are correct except:
A. Preconscious puberty may occurs in luteal cyst.
B. Elevated oestrogen is cause of preconscious puberty.
C. High beta HCG is cause of preconscious puberty.
D. Peutz-Jegher syndrome is associated with corpus luteal cyst.
E. Gross residual is considered as stage III germ cell tumour.
D
Peutz-Jegher syndrome is associated with granulosa cell tumor, ovarian cystadenoma and sex cord stromal tumor.
Corpus luteal cysts are usually small and asymptomatic.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding neoplastic ovarian cyst, which of the following statements is false?
A. Among epithelial tumours, 10 per cent are malignant.
B. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour may produce alpha-fetoprotein.
C. Fibroma are most common among sex cord stromal tumour.
D. Mucinous are epithelial variety of tumour.
E. Sclerosing stromal tumour associated with Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
C
Granulosa cell tumor is the most common variety of sex cord stromal tumor.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding germ cell tumour of ovary, all of the following statements are true except:
A. Mature teratoma are more common than immature teratoma.
B. Dysgerminoma is most common among malignant ovarian tumour.
C. Choriocarcinoma shows high alpha-fetoprotein.
D. Gonadoblastoma develops from dysgenetic gonads.
E. Contralateral ovary should be examined at the time of surgery.
C
Choriocarcinoma shows normal alpha-fetoprotein and high beta HCG.
Syed/MCQ
What is the mean age of children with hepatoblastoma?
A. 3.5 years. B. 5.5 years. C. 7.5 years. D. 9.5 years. E. 11.5 years.
A.
The mean age children develop hepatoblastoma is 3.5 years. The hepatoblastoma is an embryonal tumor that typically develops at 1-3 years of age.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding diagnostic studies in hepatic tumours, all of the following are correct except:
A. MRI is more accurate in diagnosis than CT scan.
B. CT scan of the chest is indicated to see metastatic disease.
C. Arteriography is used in therapy for chemoembolization and intra-arterial infusion of cytotoxic drugs.
D. Alpha-fetoprotein has diagnostic value.
E. Thrombocytosis develops because of release of cytokines from tumour.
E
Thrombocytopenia develops from release of cytokines from tumor.
Syed/MCQ
Regarding histological subtypes of hepatoblastoma, which of the following statements is correct?
A. Small cell is more common than foetal.
B. Macrotrabacular is more common than embryonal.
C. Teratoid is more common than non-teratoid.
D. Foetal is more common than teratoid.
E. Epithelial and mixed epithelial are not subtypes of hepatoblastoma.
D
Histological subtypes of hepatoblastoma are as follows:
- Epithelial
(a) Fetal 31%
(b) Embryonal 19%
(c) Macrotrabacular 05%
(d) Small cell 03% - Mixed epithelial/mesenchymal
(a) Teratoid 10%
(b) Nonteratoid 34%
Syed/MCQ
Regarding pathology of hepatoblastoma, which of the following statements is false?
A. Usually it is bulky and solitary mass.
B. It is surrounded by pseudocapsule.
C. Bilober disease is common.
D. Aneuploid lesion has better prognosis than diploid tumour.
E. Increased mitotic activity shows poor prognosis.
D
Diploid tumor has somewhat better prognosis than aneuploidy tumor.
Syed/MCQ
With regard to hepatic tumour in children, which of the following is not true?
A. Primary tumour of liver is uncommon.
B. Forty percent of primary liver tumours are malignant.
C. Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumour in children.
D. Hepatoblastoma affects boys as frequently as girls.
E. Right lobe is more commonly involved.
B
Approximately 75% of primary liver tumors are malignant.
Syed/MCQ