Teratogens

Question 1

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Question 5

DES (Diethylstilbestrol)

Answer 5

Vaginal Clear cell adenoCA, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Question 7

Lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized RV)

Question 8

Methimazole

Answer 8

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 9

Phenytoin

Answer 9

Fetal hydantoin syndrome, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, ID

Question 10

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

Discolored teeth

Question 11

Thalidomide

Answer 11

Limb defects - phocomelia, micromelia

Question 12

Valproate

Answer 12

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption → neural tube defects

Question 13

Warfarin

Answer 13

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Question 14

Alcohol

Answer 14

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - birth defects and ID

Question 15

Cocaine

Answer 15

Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction, placental abruption

Question 16

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 16

Leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries - preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Question 17

Iodine

Answer 17

Congenital goiter or cretinism

Question 18

Maternal diabetes

Answer 18

Caudal regression (anal atresia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

Question 19

Vitamin A excess

Answer 19

↑ risk for spontaneous abortions, cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities

Question 20

X-rays

Answer 20

Microcephaly, intellectual disability