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Micro Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Tumbling motility, grows in cold, β-hemolytics

A

Listeria - meningitis in babies, unpasteurized milk

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2
Q

Gastroenteritis from mayo?

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

Where does Staph Aureus colonize?

A

Nose

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4
Q

Adherent biofilms

A

Staph epidermidis

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5
Q

Hepetization of lung during pneumonia?

A

Strep. pneumo

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6
Q

Rusty sputum and sepsis in sickle cell/spenectomy

A

Strep pneumo

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7
Q

Lancet-shaped, G+ diplococci

A

Strep pneumo

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8
Q

S. sanguinis makes dextrans which allows for ___________.

A

Endocarditis (viridins group)

Binds to fibrin-platelet aggregates

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9
Q

Strep pharyngitis

A

PHever or glomerulonePHritis

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10
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Strawberry tongue
Scarlet sandpaper rash
Circumoral pallor

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11
Q

Hippurate test +

A

Group B strep - screen women at 35-37 weeks

Intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis

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12
Q

Metachromatic blue and red granules + Gram Positive rods

A

C. diptheriae

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13
Q

How do you kill spores?

A

Autoclave - steam at 121˚C for 15 min

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14
Q

What bugs form spores?

A 
B. anthracis
C. perfringens
C. tetani & botulinum
B. cereus
Coxiella burnetti
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15
Q

What toxins does C. Diff produce

A

Toxin A - destroys brush border enzymes

Toxin B - depolymerizes actin

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16
Q

What is the only bacterum with a polypeptide capsule w/ D-glutamate

A

Bacillus anthracis

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17
Q

What causes gastroenteritis from rice/pasta?

A

B cereus - cereulide

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18
Q

Tumbling motility, deli meats and unpasteurized milk

A

Listeria

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19
Q

What is the only Gram Positive to produce LPS?

A

Listeria

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20
Q

Where is Nocardia found? What infections does it cause?

A

Soil - pulmonary infections in IC and cutaneous infections post trauma in IC

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21
Q

What are the branching filamentous G+ bugs?

A

Nocardia

Actinomyces

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22
Q

What do you give AIDS patients for MAC prophylaxis?

A

Azithromycin

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23
Q

What is the reservoir in the US for M leprae?

A

Armadillos

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24
Q

What bug has cord factor and sulfatides?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
CF = block Mφ maturation and induces release of TNF-α
Sulfatides = inhibit phagolysosomal fusion

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25
Q

Pasteurella

A

Animal bites

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26
Q

How do you treat Neisseria?

A

Ceftriaxone

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27
Q

What drugs do you use for prophylaxis of Meningitis (neisseria) in close contacts?

A

Ceftriaxone
Cipro
Rifampin

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28
Q

What 2 diseases does legionella cause?

A

Pontiac fever = mild flu
Legionnaires = severe pneumonia
Treat w/ Macrolide or quinolone

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29
Q

What 2 toxins does pseudomonas have?

A

Endotoxin - fever/shock

Exotoxin A - inactivates EF2

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30
Q

What causes hot tub folliculitis?

A

Pseudomonas

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31
Q

What causes malignant otitis externa in diabetics?

A

Pseudomonas

32
Q

What cuases chronic pneumonia in CF patients?

A

Pseudomonas (biofilm)

33
Q

What 4 diseases does Klebsiella cause?

A

Aspiration pneumonia
Pneumonia in diabetics
Abscess in lung/liver

34
Q

Mucoid colonies

A

Klebsiella - abundant polysaccharide capsules

35
Q

Red currant jelly sputum?

A

Klebsiella

36
Q

What are the 4 types of E. coli?

A

EIEC - invasive, dysentary
ETEC - toxins - travelers diarrhea
EPEC - pediatric diarrhea
EHEC - Shiga-like toxin - HUS

37
Q

What e. coli doesn’t ferment sorbitol?

38
Q

What GN rod doesn’t ferment lactose, invades the intestinal mucosa and causes a monocytic response?

A

Salmonella

39
Q

What GN rod doesn’t ferment lactose, invades the intestinal mucosa and causes a PMN infiltration?

40
Q

How does campylobacter jejuni get transmitted?

A

Fecal/oral
Poultry, meat, unpasteurized milk
GBS and Reactive Arthritis

41
Q

Pet feces, contaminated milk/pork - mimics Crohns or appendicitis

42
Q

What is triple therapy for H. pylori?

A

PPI + Clarithromycin + Metro/Amoxicillin

No metro in alcoholics

43
Q

Water contaminated with animal urine?

A

Leptospira - Flu-like, jaundice, photophobia

*surfers, tropics

44
Q

Ixodes tick

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)

45
Q

What are the 4 main signs of Lyme disease

A 
Facial nerve palsy
Arthritis
Kardiac block
Erythema migrans 
*Ceftriaxone/Doxy*
46
Q

How do you screen for syphilis? Confirm?

A

VDRL/RPR - non-specific

FTA-ABS

47
Q

Saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson teeth, mulberry molars?

A

Congenital syphilis

48
Q

How do you prevent congenital syphilis?

A

Treat mother early in pregnancy - placental transmission occurs after 1st trimester

49
Q

VDRL false positives

A

Viruses - mono, hepatitis
Drugs
Rheumatic Fever
Lupus/Leprosy

50
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A

Flu-like syndrome after antibiotics started - killed bacteria release pyrogens

51
Q

Grey vaginal discharge w/ fishy smell - nonpainful

A

Gardenerella vaginosis

Metro or Clindamycin

52
Q

Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular because they need what 2 things?

A

CoA and NAD+

Can’t synthesize ATP

53
Q

What 3 diseases do you see a palms and soles rash?

A

Coxsackievirus A
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2˚ Syphilis

54
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

Typhus (fleas)

rash on trunk - spares palms/soles

55
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii (tick) Rash at wrists and ankles and spreads

56
Q

Bird/Bat droppings

A

Histoplasmosis - hides in Mφ

Pneumonia

57
Q

Blastomycosis

A

Inflammatory lung disease - skin and bone
Granulomatous nodules
Broad budding base (=RBC)

58
Q

Erythema nodosum and arthralgias associated with dust/dirt in SW US

A

Coccidioidomycosis - skin and bone

Spherules filled with endospores - large

59
Q

Captains wheel formation

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis
Latin America
Very large budding yeast (»RBC)

60
Q

How do you treat the systemic mycoses?

A

Histo/Blasto/Coccidioides
Azole = local infection
Amphotericin B = systemic

61
Q

Granuloma formation in the lung that appears like TB could also be what?

A

Systemic mycoses: histo/blast/coccid

**No person-person transmission

62
Q

Sphaghetti and meatball appearance

A

Malassezia furfur
Miconazole or selenium sulfide
Hypo/hyperpigmented patches

63
Q

Healthcare provider

A

HBV (needlestick)

64
Q

Organ transplant recipient

65
Q

Neutropenic patients

A

Candida (systemic), Aspergilus

66
Q

Pneumonia in CF, burn infection

A

Pseudomonas

67
Q

Sepsis/meningitis in newborn

A

Group B strep

68
Q

Surgical wound

69
Q

Traumatic open wound

A

C. perfringens

70
Q

Pus, empyema, abscess

71
Q

UTI culture with swarming on agar, urease +, struvite stones

72
Q

Vaginal infections with inflammation, white cottage cheese discharge, normal pH

73
Q

Viral meningitis

A

Enterovirus (Coxsackievirus)

74
Q

What is the main characteristic of Shigella causing disease?

A

Invasive - M cells

75
Q

What is the dominant microorganism in the colon?

A

B. fragilis > E. coli

76
Q

Post viral causes of pneumonia

A

Staph, H flu, S pneumo

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