Tensions 1917-44 Flashcards
Outline Bolshevik Revolution and divides between Lenin and Wilson.
Bolshevik Revolution October 1917 – Bolsheviks take over Russia and make peace with Germany. Lenin believed in world revolution, while Wilson’s Fourteen Points of April 1918 promoted self-determination, free trade, and collective security through the LoN.
What was Russian Revolution?
Russian Revolution – Bolsheviks fought against Whites supported by US, Britain, France, and Japan due to fear of Communism spreading to Germany. Unsuccessful, only Japan remained in 1922.
How did Poland gain Ukraine territory in 1921?
In 1919, the Curzon line was decided at the Paris Peace Conference, 100miles east from Warsaw. Poland in 1920 invaded Ukraine but by August the Polish were pushed back. The Red Army was defeated leading to the Treaty of Riga where they gained Ukraine territory and the creation of Finland and the Baltic countries isolated the USSR.
When was Comintern set up?
Comintern set in 1919 to spread Communism in developing countries.
What agreements did Stalin attempt as Nazi Germany was established?
With the rise of Nazi Germany, threat to Communism, Stalin tried and failed to set a defensive pact with France and Czechoslovakia in 1935 and in 1936 tried to assist the Republican government against Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War.
What was the Munich Agreement?
September 1938 Munich Agreement made at conference with Britain, France, and Germany, giving Sudetenland to them from Czechoslovakia, Stalin displeased.
What was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact – Committed both to neutrality and USSR gained Baltic states and Bessarabia while Poland was split. On 1st September Germany invaded Poland and Stalin claimed territory on 17th.
How did USSR and US enter WWII?
June 22 1941 – USSR invaded by Germany as part of Operation Barbarossa. On 7 December 1941 US joined war as Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, leading to Big Three Alliance. The USSR was suspicious as Allies didn’t invade France until 1944.
What were Stalin’s post-war aims?
USSR’s aims at end of war: USSR had lost 25 million, wanted reparations and to regain land lost to Poland, giving them land beyond River Oder in return, alongside reintegrating Baltic states and annexing Bessarabia and gaining Romania and Bulgaria in satellite zone.
What defensive measures did the US take after Pearl Harbour?
Pearl Harbour attack of 1941 and air developments scared the US. In 1943-4 the US began to draw up plans to build a chain of bases giving them control of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and access to markets of Western Europe and Asia. Spiral of distrust.
After war how was the Atlantic Charter made?
Roosevelt was inspired by Woodrow Wilson, wanting an end to tariffs and economic nationalism, alongside ending colonisation by Britain and France.
Atlantic Charter drawn up by Churchill and Roosevelt in August 1941 with aims to have free trade, end to colonisation, and freedom of government. UN was envisaged in 1943 with a Security Council dominated by the USSR, Britain, China, France, and the USA.
What were British aims?
British aims: democratic government in Warsaw, though Churchill accepted altering of eastern frontiers in favour of the USSR. Britain fearful of Communist threat with Suez Canal in Egypt and oil supply from middle East.
What were results of 1943 foreign minister meeting?
October 1943 foreign minister meeting in Moscow where European Advisory Commission was set to determine occupation of Germany and Declaration on General Security to propose creation of UN.
