Peaceful Coexistence Flashcards
What was Georgi Malenkov’s New Course?
Fall of capitalism inevitable. Developed New Course with leadership of Khrushchev and Bulganin. Focus away from heavy industry to consumer goods with development of nuclear age, safer methods to defend communism. Ousted as PM 1955.
What happened with Soviet withdrawal from Finland?
Finnish-Soviet Peace Treaty in 1947 gave $300m in reparation and 50 year lease on Porkkala. By 1955 Central Committee of the Communist Party, Molotov tried to overrule withdrawal but Khrushchev succeeded, no need for influence in non-Communist country and Porkkala little use. Still had some influence.
What was the Austrian State Treaty?
In 1945 Austria was divided. USSR used it for resources while US pumped in Marshall Aid and rearmed. By 1954 Khrushchev decided Austrian neutrality was better despite Molotov’s protest and in 1955 the Austria State Treaty meant both sides would withdraw forces from Austria.
What work did Khrushchev do?
Ousted Beria, who, while he was predatory in nature to women, wanted release of 1 million.
At 20th Party Congress 1956 committed to destalinisation, ending terror and concentration on heavy industry in recognition that economic and military pressures were too much. Peaceful Coexistence was Khrushchev’s continuation of Malenkov’s work.
Who was Eisenhower and what was the New Look?
won 1953 president role with John Foster Dulles. He was to adopt a New Look foreign policy approach, hard-line which won support: belief USSR and allies were expansionist, use of military means to contain communism, massive retaliation against communist aggression with nuclear weapons.
What were limits to New Look?
Eisenhower stabilised defence spending, keeping it at half the budget. However, at Hungary, Eisenhower couldn’t intervene as nuclear war remained only form of combat against Soviets.
What were covert operations?
Attracted less attention and cheaper, CIA directed by Allen Dulles involved in launching coups, assassinating heads of state, arming anti-Communists, spreading propaganda, in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Middle East.
What happened in Iran 1953?
Dulles brothers authorised coup to overthrow Mohammed Mossadegh when Iran government took control of Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, cutting US oil exports. Mohammed Pahlavi made head of state and gave half of oil to US.
What was the Suez Crisis 1956?
: Egypt president Gamal Abdel Nasser wanted to construct dam on Nile River to provide electricity, negotiations for economic assistance from Great Britain and US collapsed, Nasser turned to USSR and Suez Canal, controlled by Britain, taken. British and French joined Israel to retake canal and Eisenhower exerted economic pressure on aggressors causing their withdrawal.
What was the Eisenhower Doctrine 1957?
in return for protecting US oil rights in Middle East, US would assist Middle East in resisting Communism.
What happened with Ho Chi Minh and Vietnam?
– Under French colonialism, Vietnamese nationalists under Ho Chi Minh sought independence. Ho turned to USSR in 1950 after US rebuffed requests. Money and arms supplied.
What happened to Dien Bien Phu?
French garrison fell to Ho Chi Minh in 1954, economic assistance to French. Eisenhower committed to containing Communism in Vietnam but this led to Vietnam war.
What happened with Geneva Conference, Switzerland, 1954?
Divided Vietnam along 17th parallel, Ho Chi Minh had government in Hanoi, North Vietnam, and Ngo Dinh Diem had government in Saigon. Division would be temporary but US rejected, provided economic assistance to Diem, and set SEATO.
What was the Spirit of Camp David?
In 1959 Khrushchev spent two weeks touring the US and had a meeting with Eisenhower at woodsy presidential retreat at Camp David, Maryland.
What diplomatic work did Khrushchev do?
Khrushchev and Adenauuer established diplomatic ties. For Nordic countries, he committed to reduce the presence of forces, and relinquished military and naval base near Helsinki. Dairen returned to Chinese Communists. Dissolved Cominform.
