Temporal Infratemporal Fossae Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 boundaries of the temporal fossa?
A
- Posterior and superior
- anterior
- lateral
- inferior
2
Q
Posterior and superior boundaries of the temporal fossa boundaries
A
Temporal lines
3
Q
Anterior boundary of the temporal fossa
A
Frontal and zygomatic bones
4
Q
Lateral boundaries of the temporal fossa
A
Zygomatic arch
5
Q
Inferior boundaries of the temporal fossa
A
Infratemporal crest of the sphenoid (best seen when the zygomatic arch has been removed)
6
Q
The contents of the temporal fossa
A
- temporalis muscle and fascia
- deep temporal vessels and nerves
- superficial temporal vessels
- auriculotemporal nerve
7
Q
Infratemporal fossa anterior border
A
Posterior aspect of maxilla
8
Q
Medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa
A
Lateral pterygoid plate
9
Q
Lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa
A
Ramus of the mandible
10
Q
Superior boundary of the infratemporal fossa
A
Inferior surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid
11
Q
Posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa
A
The tympanic plate and the mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone
12
Q
Inferior boundary of the infratemporal fossa
A
Site of attachment of the medial pterygoid to the mandible near its angle
13
Q
What type of joint is the Temporomandibular joint
A
A synovial joint; modified hinge joint
14
Q
Articulate surfaces of the temporomandibular joint
A
- mandibular condyle
- mandibular fossa and articulate tubercle of the temporal bone
15
Q
What is an articulate disc composed of?
A
Fibrocartilage
16
Q
What divides the temporomandibular joint into two compartments
A
Articulate disc
17
Q
What are the two compartments of the temporomandibular joint?
A
- superior compartment
- inferior compartment
18
Q
Superior compartment of the temporomandibular joint
A
Responsible for gliding movements of the protrusion and recursion
19
Q
Inferior compartment of the temporomandibular joint
A
Responsible for hinge movements of depression and elevation
20
Q
What is the articular disc peripherally attached to?
A
The joint capsule
21
Q
What does the articular disc attach to anteriomedially?
A
Tendon of the lateral pterygoid ***
22
Q
Joint or articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint attaches superiorly to what?
A
Articular tubercle and the margins of the mandibular fossa
23
Q
Joint or articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint attaches inferiorly to what?
A
The neck of the mandible
24
Q
Synovial membrane of the temporomandibular joint
A
Lines the joint capsule above and below the articular disc, but does not cover the articular disc
25
Temporomandibular joint ligaments
- temporomandibular ligament (lateral ligament)
- stylomandibular ligament
- sphenomandibular ligament
26
Where does the phenomandibular ligament come from?
Sphenoid bone
27
What are the muscles of mastication?
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
28
What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?
Branches of V3
29
Origin of the temporalis
Inferior temporal line, temporal fossa, temporalis fascia
30
Insertion of temporalis muscle
Coronoid process and anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible ****
31
Innervation of the temporalis muscle
Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves ****
32
Actions of the temporalis
- elevation of mandible (close mouth)
- recursion of mandible (pulling back jaw)
- right and left lateral movements (grinding and chewing)
* **
33
Origin of he masseter
-inferior border and medial surface of the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch
34
Insertion of the masseter
Angle and lateral surface of the mandible
35
Innervation of the masseter
Masseteric nerve ****
36
Actions of the masseter
- elevation of mandible
- right and left lateral movements
- protrusion of the mandible
- recursion of the mandible
37
Origin of lateral pterygoid muscle superior head
Infratemporal surface of greater wing ***
38
Origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle inferior head
Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate ***
39
Insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle
Most fibers unsert on pterygoid fovea on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible; some fibers from the superior head insert on the joint capsule and articular disc of temporomandibular joint *****
40
Innervation of the lateral pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid nerves
41
Actions of the lateral pterygoid muscle
- protrusion of mandible
- depresses mandible (open mouth)*********
- right and left lateral chewing and grinding movements
42
Origin of the medial pterygoid muscle deep head
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
43
Origin of the medial pterygoid muscle superficial head
Tuberosity of maxilla
44
Insertion of the medial pterygoid
Medial surface and angle of mandible
45
Innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle
Medial pterygoid nerve
46
What muscles does the medial pterygoid muscle mirror but deeper?
Masseter
47
Actions of the medial pterygoid
- elevation of mandible
- protrusion of mandible
- right and left lateral chewing and grinding movements
48
What is the main mouth opener?
Lateral pterygoid
49
What does excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoid cause?
Heads of the mandible to dislocate anteriorly past the articular tubercles
-mandible remains open
50
How do you pop the jaw back in place?
Reduction is performed by pressing downward and backward on the last molar teeth
51
Posterior dislocation
Uncommon. Due to the presence of the postglenoid tubercle and the strong lateral ligament
52
What happens when you fall on chin?
Cause the neck of the mandible to fracture before posterior dislocation occurs
53
Communication with the infratemporal fossa and the temporal fossa
Through the space between the zygomatic arch and cranial wall
54
Communication with the infratemporal fossa and the orbit
Though the inferior orbital fissure
55
Communication with the infratemporal fossa and the middle cranial fossa
Through the foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
56
Communication with the infratemporal fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa
Via the pterygomaxillary fissure
57
Contents of the infratemporal fossa
- medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
- V3
- Otic ganglion
- chorda tympani
- maxillary artery and its branches
- maxillary vein and pterygoid venous plexus
58
What does V3 consist of?
Large sensory component
| Small motor component
59
Where does V3 exit the middle cranial fossa?
Via the foramen ovale
60
After V3 exits the middle cranial fossa, where does it then go?
Enters the infratemporal fossa where it divides into anterior and posterior divisions
61
What happens after V3 enters the infratemporal fossa?
Divides into anterior and posterior divisions
62
Where does branches of the V3 come from?
The main trunk and the anterior and posterior divisions
63
Branches of the main trunk of V3
- nerve to medial pterygoid
| - meningeal branch (nervous spinosus; recurrent branch of V3 to dura mater)
64
Nerve to the medial pterygoid comes from what main nerve?
V3
65
What does the nerve to the medial pterygoid supply?
Supplies the medial pterygoid and gives small branches to the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatine
66
What is the meningeal branch (nervous spinosus; recurrent branch of V3 to dura mater) a branch of?
main trunk of V3
67
Where does the meningeal branch either the middle cranial fossa?
Via the foramen spinosum
68
What does the meningeal branch of V3 innervate?
The dura mater of the middle cranial fossa
69
Branches of the anterior division of V3
- nerve to the masseter
- nerve to the lateral pterygoid
- deep temporal nerves
- buccal nerve
70
Where does the nerve to the masseter branch form?
Anterior division of V3
71
Nerve to masseter innervates what?
Masseter
72
What gives few sensory fibers to the anterior aspect of the temporomandibular joint?
Nerve to the masseter
73
What nerve does the nerve to the lateral pterygoid come from?
Anterior branches of V3
74
What does the nerve to the lateral pterygoid innervate?
Pterygoid
75
What nerve does the deep temporal nerve branch from?
Anterior division of V3
76
Deep temporal nerve make up
Usually two (anterior/ posterior) nerves, sometimes there is a third (middle) nerve
77
Where does the buccal nerve branch from?
Anterior division of V3
78
What does buccal nerve supply?
Supplies sensory innervation to the skin and mucosa of the cheek
79
Buccal nerve branch of facial nerve is
Motor
80
Buccal nerve branch from trigeminal is
Sensory
81
Branches from the posterior division of V3
- auriculotemporal nerve
- inferior alveolar nerve
- nerve to the mylohyoid
- lingual nerve
82
Where does the auriculotemproal nerve branch from?
V3
83
How does the auriculotemporal nerve originate?
Originates as two roots that encircle the middle meningeal artery and reunite posterior to the artery
84
What nerve makes a circle around the middle meningeal artery?
Auriculotemporal nerve
85
What artery runs up the middle of the "hole" in the auriculotemporal nerve?
Middle meningeal artery
86
What does auriculotemporal nerve innervate?
Sensory innervation to the auricle, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, temporomandibular joint and scalp ****
87
What kind of fibers does the inferior alveolar nerve contain?
Both sensory and mentor
88
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve branch from?
Posterior division of V3
89
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve enter?
The mandibular foramen to supply all of the mandibular teeth
90
What nerve does the dentist numb when you having dental work on the bottom teeth?
Inferior alveolar teeth
91
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve exit the mandible?
At the mental foramen
92
What does the inferior alveolar nerve name change to once it exits mandible?
Mental nerve
93
What does the mental nerve supply?
Skin and mucosa of the lower lip and chin
94
Before mental nerve enters the mandibular foramen, what nerve is given off?
Nerve to the mylohyoid
95
What is the nerve to the mylohyoid a branch of?
Motor branch of the inferior alveolar nerve
96
What does the nerve to the mylohyoid innervate?
Mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric
97
Lingual nerve branches from what?
Posterior V3
98
What does the lingual nerve innervate
Sensory information to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the mucosa of the floor of the mouth
99
The lingual artery is joined high in the _______ by the _____
- infratemporal fossa
| - chorda tympani
100
What is the otic ganglion
A small, parasympathetic ganglion located inferior to the foramen ovale and medial to V3
101
What kind of ganglion is the otic ganglion?
Parasympathetic
102
Where is the otic ganglion located?
Inferior to the foramen ovale and medial to V3
103
What forms the tympanic plexus?
Tympanic branch of CN IX
104
What does the tympanic plexus innervation?
Mucosa of the tympanic cavity
105
______fibers leave the tympanic plexus in the form of the ______ and synapse in the otic ganglion
- Preganglionic parasympathetic
| - lesser petrosal nerve *****
106
_____fibers leave the otic ganglion and join the _______ nerve
- postganglionic parasympathetic
| - auriculotemporal ****
107
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel with the _____ nerve to innervate the ______
- auriculotemporal nerve
| - parotid gland
108
Where does chorda tympani originate?
Facial nerve in the facial canal just above the stylomastoid foramen
109
What does the chorda tympani enter?
Tympanic cavity and courses across the medial side of the tympanic membrane
110
Where does the chorda tympani exit?
The temporal bone via the petrotympanic fissure
111
When the chorda tympani enters the infratemporal fossa, what does it join?
The lingual nerve
112
What kind of innervation comes from the chorda tympani
Special sensory or tate fibers for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue ***
113
What kind of fibers does the chorda tympani contain?
- postganglionic parasympathetic
| - Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers****
114
Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the chorda tympani synapse?
Submandibular ganglion ***
115
What does the postganglionic parasympathic fibers of the chorda tympani supply?
The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
116
What is the the maxillary artery a branch of?
One of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery
117
Where does the maxillary artery arise?
Posterior to the neck of the mandible
118
Divisions of the maxillary artery
Divided into 3 parts based on its relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle
- 1st part (mandibular)
- 2nd part (pterygoid)
- 3rd part (pterygopalatine)
119
Where does the mandibular part of the maxillary artery lie?
Between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament
120
What is the mandibular part of the maxillary artery accompanied by?
- auriculotemporal nerve
| - maxillary vein
121
What are the branches of the maxillary artery
- deep auricular
- anterior tympanic
- middle meningeal
- accessory meningeal
- inferior alveolar
122
Deep auricular artery
- branch of mandibular artery of maxillary artery
| - supplies the external auditory meatus and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane
123
Anterior tympanic artery
- branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery
| - passes through the petrotympanic fissure with the chorda tympani to supply the mucosa of the tympanic cavity
124
Middle meningeal artery
- branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery
- passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve; passes through the foramen spinosum to enter the middle cranial fossa to supply the dura mater
- site of potential epidural hematoma
125
Accessory meningeal artery
- branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery
| - passes through the foramen ovale to supply the trigeminal ganglion and adjacent dura mater
126
Inferior alveolar artery
- branch of mandibular part of maxillary artery
| - accompanies the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal; exits the mental foramen with the mental nerve ****
127
What artery does the inferior alveolar artery give?
Arter to the mylohyoid
128
Pterygoid part of the maxillary artery passes where?
Anteriorly and superior in the infratemporal fossa
129
What do the branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery run with?
Branches of V3
130
What are the branches of he pterygoid part of the maxillary artery
- masseteric artery
- anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries
- pterygoid arteries
- buccal artery
131
Masseteric artery of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery supplies what
Supplies the masseter
132
Anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery supply what?
Supply the temporalis muscle
133
Pterygoid arteries from the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery supplies what?
The medial and lateral pterygoid
134
Buccal artery of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery supplies what?
The buccinator, skin of cheek and mucosa of oral cavity
135
What is the pterygoid venous plexus
A complex network of veins located partly between the temporalis and the pterygoid muscles
136
Most of the veins that accompany branches of the maxillary artery drain into what?
Pterygoid venous plexus
137
The pterygoid venous plexus communicates with the following:
- cavernous sinus
- inferior ophthalmic vein
- facial vein via deep facial vein *****
138
How does the pterygoid venous plexus communicate with the cavernous sinus
Via small veins passing through the foramen ovale, foramen lacerum and sometimes the sphenoidal emissary foramen ****
