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Anatomy BLOCK 3 > External And Middle Ear > Flashcards

External And Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ear consist of?

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear (tympanic cavity)
  • internal ear, or labyrinth, which contains the organs of hearing and balance
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2
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

The auricle or pinna, and the external auditory meatus

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3
Q

Auricle

A
  • Has a characteristic shape that allows it to collect air vibrations
  • consists of a thin plate of elastic cartilage covered by skin
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4
Q

What kind of muscles does the auricle have?

A

Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve

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5
Q

External auditory meatus

A

-curved tube that leads from the auricle to the tympanic membrane and conducts sound waves to the tympanic membrane

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6
Q

Outer third of the meatus

A

Composed of cartilage

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7
Q

Inner two thirds of external auditory meatus

A

Bone

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8
Q

Sensory nerve supplying the lining of the meatus

A
  • auriculotemporal nerve

- auricular branche of the vagus nerve (CN X) ***

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9
Q

Lymph drainage of the external auditory meatus

A

Superficial parotid, mastoid, and superficial cervical lymph nodes ***

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10
Q

What is at the end of the external auditory meatus

A

Tympanic membrane

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11
Q

Tympanic membrane examination

A
  • external auditory meatus must be pulled upward and backward for adults
  • tympanic membrane is pearly gray and concave
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12
Q

What is the depression in the center of the tympanic membrane called

A

Umbo

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13
Q

What is the middle ear

A

An air filled cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone ***

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14
Q

What is the middle ear lined with and what does it contain

A

Mucous membranes and auditory ossicles

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15
Q

Middle ear communicates with what

A

In front of the nasopharynx via the auditory tube and behind with the mastoid antrum ***

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16
Q

Roof of middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Tegman tympani, a thin plate of bone, which is part of the petrous temporal bone; separates the tympanic cavity from the temporal lobe nd its meninges

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17
Q

Floor of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Thin plate of bone that separates the tympanic cavity from the superior bulb of the internal jugular veins

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18
Q

Anterior wall of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Thin plate of bone with two openings, one for the auditory tube and one of the tube of the tensor tympani

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19
Q

Posterior wall of middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Bone with an opening called the aditus to the mastoid antrum, and a small, conical projection called the pyramid

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20
Q

Medial wall of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Lateral wall of the inner ear, which has a rounded projection called the promontory, caused by the underlying cochlea; above and behind the promontory is the fenestra vestibuli (oval window); below and behind the promontory is the fenestra cochleae (round window)

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21
Q

Lateral wall of the middle ear

A

Formed by the tympanic membrane, which is obliquely placed, it is concave laterally

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22
Q

What are the auditory ossicles

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

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23
Q

What is the largest ossicle

A

Malleus

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24
Q

Process of malleus

A

Called the handle

Attached to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

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25
Q

What does the malleus articulate with?

A

Incus

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26
Q

What does the incus articulate with?

A

Stapes

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27
Q

Where does the footplate or base of the stapes fit into?

A

Fenestra vestibuli (oval window)

28
Q

What are the two muscles associated with the ossicles

A

The tensor tympani and the stapedius

29
Q

Where does the tensor tympani originate

A

In the wall of the auditory tube and its own canal ***

30
Q

Where does the tensor tympani insert?

A

Handle of the malleus

31
Q

Innervation of the tensor tympani

A

Form branch of V3

32
Q

Action of tensor tympani

A

Dampen vibrations of the tympanic membrane

33
Q

Where does the stapedius originate

A

From the pyramid on the posterior wall of the middle ear

34
Q

Where does the stapedius insert

A

On the neck of the stapes

35
Q

Innervation of the stapedius

A

From branch of the facial nerve

36
Q

Action of the stapedius

A

Dampen the vibrations of the stapes

37
Q

What does the auditory tube connect?

A

Anterior wall of the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx

38
Q

Posterior part of auditory tube

A

1/3 bony

39
Q

Anterior 2/3 part of the auditory tube

A

Cartilagenous

40
Q

Where does the auditory tube pass?

A

Over the upper border of the superior constrictor **

41
Q

What is the function of the auditory tube?

A

Equalize pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure ***

42
Q

Where does the mastoid antrum lie

A

Behind the middle ear in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

43
Q

What does the mastoid antrum communicate with?

A

Inferiorly with the mastoid air cells

44
Q

Mastoid air cells

A

Series of communicating cavatives within the mastoid process that are continuous with the antrum and middle ear

45
Q

What are the mastoid air cells lined with?

A

Mucous membrane

46
Q

Where do microbes that cause infection enter the ear?

A

Auditory tube

47
Q

When the facial nerve reaches_________, it enters__________

A
  • bottom of the internal auditory meatus

- facial canal

48
Q

How ones the facial nerve tun around the vestibule?

A

Laterally above the vestibule of the inner ear until it reaches the medial wall of the middle ear

49
Q

After the facial nerve reaches the medial wall of the middle ear, what happens?

A

Expands to form the geniculate ganglion

50
Q

After facial nerve forms the geniculate ganglion…

A

The nerve bends sharply backwards above the promontory

51
Q

When the facial nerve arrives at the posterior wall of the middle ear…

A

It curves downward on the medial side of he aditus of the mastoid antrum

52
Q

What gives a branch to the stapedius muscles and where?

A

The facial nerve descends in the posterior wall of the middle ear, behind the pyramid, where it gives this branch

53
Q

What is the bend of the facial nerve called?

A

Genu

54
Q

Where does the facial nerve emerge?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

55
Q

Chroda tympani

A

Arises form the facial nerve just above the stylomastoid foramen

56
Q

Where does the chorda tympani enter the middle ear?

A

Close to the border of the tympanic membrane and crosses the handle of the malleus

57
Q

Where does the chorda tympani exit the middle ear?

A

Through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa to join the lingual nerve

58
Q

What kind of fibers does the chorda tympani contain?

A

Taste fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for the submandibular ganglion

59
Q

What is the tympanic nerve a branch of?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

60
Q

Where does the tympanic nerve branch from CN IX?

A

Just below the jugular foramen

61
Q

How does the tympanic nerve pass

A

Through the floor of the middle ear and onto the promontory where it splits into branches forming the tympanic plexus

62
Q

What does the tympanic plexus supply?

A

The mucosa of the middle ear

63
Q

What branch does the tympanic plexus give off?

A

The lesser petrosal nerve

64
Q

What kind of fibers does the lesser petrosal nerve contain?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for the otic ganglion ***

65
Q

Where does the lesser petrosal nerve exit the middle ear?

A

Through a small canaliculus in the roof

66
Q

Where does the lesser petrosal nerve exit the skull

A

Through the foramen ovale and joins the otic ganglion

Anatomy BLOCK 3 (13 decks)

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