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Anatomy BLOCK 3 > External And Middle Ear > Flashcards

External And Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ear consist of?

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear (tympanic cavity)
  • internal ear, or labyrinth, which contains the organs of hearing and balance
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2
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

The auricle or pinna, and the external auditory meatus

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3
Q

Auricle

A
  • Has a characteristic shape that allows it to collect air vibrations
  • consists of a thin plate of elastic cartilage covered by skin
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4
Q

What kind of muscles does the auricle have?

A

Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve

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5
Q

External auditory meatus

A

-curved tube that leads from the auricle to the tympanic membrane and conducts sound waves to the tympanic membrane

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6
Q

Outer third of the meatus

A

Composed of cartilage

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7
Q

Inner two thirds of external auditory meatus

A

Bone

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8
Q

Sensory nerve supplying the lining of the meatus

A
  • auriculotemporal nerve

- auricular branche of the vagus nerve (CN X) ***

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9
Q

Lymph drainage of the external auditory meatus

A

Superficial parotid, mastoid, and superficial cervical lymph nodes ***

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10
Q

What is at the end of the external auditory meatus

A

Tympanic membrane

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11
Q

Tympanic membrane examination

A
  • external auditory meatus must be pulled upward and backward for adults
  • tympanic membrane is pearly gray and concave
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12
Q

What is the depression in the center of the tympanic membrane called

A

Umbo

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13
Q

What is the middle ear

A

An air filled cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone ***

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14
Q

What is the middle ear lined with and what does it contain

A

Mucous membranes and auditory ossicles

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15
Q

Middle ear communicates with what

A

In front of the nasopharynx via the auditory tube and behind with the mastoid antrum ***

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16
Q

Roof of middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Tegman tympani, a thin plate of bone, which is part of the petrous temporal bone; separates the tympanic cavity from the temporal lobe nd its meninges

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17
Q

Floor of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Thin plate of bone that separates the tympanic cavity from the superior bulb of the internal jugular veins

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18
Q

Anterior wall of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Thin plate of bone with two openings, one for the auditory tube and one of the tube of the tensor tympani

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19
Q

Posterior wall of middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Bone with an opening called the aditus to the mastoid antrum, and a small, conical projection called the pyramid

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20
Q

Medial wall of the middle ear (tympanic cavity)

A

Lateral wall of the inner ear, which has a rounded projection called the promontory, caused by the underlying cochlea; above and behind the promontory is the fenestra vestibuli (oval window); below and behind the promontory is the fenestra cochleae (round window)

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21
Q

Lateral wall of the middle ear

A

Formed by the tympanic membrane, which is obliquely placed, it is concave laterally

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22
Q

What are the auditory ossicles

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

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23
Q

What is the largest ossicle

A

Malleus

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24
Q

Process of malleus

A

Called the handle

Attached to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

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25
What does the malleus articulate with?
Incus
26
What does the incus articulate with?
Stapes
27
Where does the footplate or base of the stapes fit into?
Fenestra vestibuli (oval window)
28
What are the two muscles associated with the ossicles
The tensor tympani and the stapedius
29
Where does the tensor tympani originate
In the wall of the auditory tube and its own canal ***
30
Where does the tensor tympani insert?
Handle of the malleus
31
Innervation of the tensor tympani
Form branch of V3
32
Action of tensor tympani
Dampen vibrations of the tympanic membrane
33
Where does the stapedius originate
From the pyramid on the posterior wall of the middle ear
34
Where does the stapedius insert
On the neck of the stapes
35
Innervation of the stapedius
From branch of the facial nerve
36
Action of the stapedius
Dampen the vibrations of the stapes
37
What does the auditory tube connect?
Anterior wall of the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx
38
Posterior part of auditory tube
1/3 bony
39
Anterior 2/3 part of the auditory tube
Cartilagenous
40
Where does the auditory tube pass?
Over the upper border of the superior constrictor ****
41
What is the function of the auditory tube?
Equalize pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure ***
42
Where does the mastoid antrum lie
Behind the middle ear in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
43
What does the mastoid antrum communicate with?
Inferiorly with the mastoid air cells
44
Mastoid air cells
Series of communicating cavatives within the mastoid process that are continuous with the antrum and middle ear
45
What are the mastoid air cells lined with?
Mucous membrane
46
Where do microbes that cause infection enter the ear?
Auditory tube
47
When the facial nerve reaches_________, it enters__________
- bottom of the internal auditory meatus | - facial canal
48
How ones the facial nerve tun around the vestibule?
Laterally above the vestibule of the inner ear until it reaches the medial wall of the middle ear
49
After the facial nerve reaches the medial wall of the middle ear, what happens?
Expands to form the geniculate ganglion
50
After facial nerve forms the geniculate ganglion...
The nerve bends sharply backwards above the promontory
51
When the facial nerve arrives at the posterior wall of the middle ear...
It curves downward on the medial side of he aditus of the mastoid antrum
52
What gives a branch to the stapedius muscles and where?
The facial nerve descends in the posterior wall of the middle ear, behind the pyramid, where it gives this branch
53
What is the bend of the facial nerve called?
Genu
54
Where does the facial nerve emerge?
Stylomastoid foramen
55
Chroda tympani
Arises form the facial nerve just above the stylomastoid foramen
56
Where does the chorda tympani enter the middle ear?
Close to the border of the tympanic membrane and crosses the handle of the malleus
57
Where does the chorda tympani exit the middle ear?
Through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa to join the lingual nerve
58
What kind of fibers does the chorda tympani contain?
Taste fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for the submandibular ganglion
59
What is the tympanic nerve a branch of?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
60
Where does the tympanic nerve branch from CN IX?
Just below the jugular foramen
61
How does the tympanic nerve pass
Through the floor of the middle ear and onto the promontory where it splits into branches forming the tympanic plexus
62
What does the tympanic plexus supply?
The mucosa of the middle ear
63
What branch does the tympanic plexus give off?
The lesser petrosal nerve
64
What kind of fibers does the lesser petrosal nerve contain?
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for the otic ganglion ***
65
Where does the lesser petrosal nerve exit the middle ear?
Through a small canaliculus in the roof
66
Where does the lesser petrosal nerve exit the skull
Through the foramen ovale and joins the otic ganglion

Anatomy BLOCK 3 (13 decks)

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