Nasal Cavity And Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
1
Q
Shape of the nose
A
Pyramidal
- upper end is root
- free tip is apex
2
Q
Dorsum of nose
A
Extends from root to apex, in midline
3
Q
What are the two inferior apertures of the nose?
A
The nares (nostrils)
4
Q
What is each nostril limited by?
A
Laterally by the ala of nose
5
Q
What is the supporting framework of nose composed of?
A
Bone and hyaline cartilage
6
Q
What part of the nose does the bony framework support?
A
Upper part
7
Q
What does the bony framework consist of?
A
Nasal bonds and frontal processed of maxillae
8
Q
What supports the lower part of the nose?
A
Cartilagenous framework
9
Q
What does the cartilagenous framework consist of?
A
One septal and two major alar cartilages
10
Q
What ar the cartilages connected to each other and the bone by?
A
Fibrous tissue
11
Q
What is the largest cartilage of the nose?
A
Septal cartilage
12
Q
septal cartilage
A
- Forms anterior part of the nasal septum
- Has 2 lateral processes (triangular in shap, located below inferior border of nasal bone
13
Q
Major alar cartilages
A
-u-shaped, form lateral and medial borders of the nostrils (lateral and medial crura, respectively)
14
Q
What is the nasal cavity?
A
Chamber consisting of bony cartilaginous walls, covered with mucosa
15
Q
Where does the nasal cavity open?
A
Anteriorly on face via the nares
16
Q
What does the nasal cavity communicate with posteriorly and by what?
A
Nasopharyngeal via posterior nasal aperture (choanae)
17
Q
The area immediately above the nares
A
Vestibule
18
Q
What is the vestibule lined with?
A
Skin and stiff hairs
19
Q
Functions of nasal cavity
A
- olfaction
- conditioning of inspired air (filtration, humidification, warming)
- reception of secretions from paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
20
Q
Superior relationship of nasal cavity
A
Anterior cranial fossa separated by cribiform plate
21
Q
Lateral to upper part of the nasal cavity
A
Ethmoidal air cells and orbit
22
Q
Lateral to lower part of nasal cavity
A
Maxillary sinus
23
Q
Inferior relationship to nasal cavity
A
Oral cavity separated by hard palate
24
Q
Posterior relationship to the nasal cavity
A
Nasopharynx via choanae
25
Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: floor
Hard palate (palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones
26
Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: roof
From anterior to posterior: nasal bone, nasal spins of frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, anterior and inferior aspects of body of sphenoid
27
Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: medial wall (nasal septum)
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer ( and small contributions from sphenoid, maxilla, and palatine)
28
Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: lateral wall
Maxilla, lacrimal bone, inferior nasal choncha, ethmoidal labyrinth, perpendicular plate of palatine, and medial pterygoid plate
29
What are the 3 scroll-like bony projections on the lateral wall f the nasal cavity?
Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
30
What bones are the superior, middle, and inferior chonchae a part of?
Superior and middle belong to ethmoid, inferior concha is a separate bone
31
What is the space between each conchae and lateral wall called?
Meatus
32
What are the 3 nasal meatuses?
Superior, middle, and inferior
33
What is the part of the nasal cavity that is located above and behind superior nasal concha?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
34
Communications of superior nasal meatus
Posterior ethmoidal air cells open via small orifices in its lateral wall
35
Communications of the middle nasal meatus
- ethmoidal bulla
- semilunar hiatus
- ostium of maxillary sinus
- infandibulum
36
Ethmoidal bulla of the middle meatus
Elevation in lateral wall of middle meatus cause by middle ethmoidal air cells
37
Semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus
Curved cleft anterior and inferior to ethmoidal bulla
38
Ostium of maxillary sinus in middle meatus
Located in lower part of semilunar hiatus
39
Infandibulum in the middle meatus
- superior end of semilunar hiatus leaders into this
- receives openings of anterior ethmoidal air cells
- in some individuals infandibulum also receives opening of frontal sinus
- in others, infundibulum has superior blind end, and frontal sinus opens directly into anterior part of middle nasal meatus
40
Communications of the inferior nasal meatus
Opening of nasolacrimal duct is located in anterior part of lateral wall
41
Communications of sphenoethmoidal recess
Opening of sphenoid sinus
42
Other than the vestibule, what is the entire nasal cavity lined with?
Nasal mucosa
43
What is the nasal mucosa firmly bound to?
Periosteum and perichondrium of supporting structures
44
What is the nasal mucosa continuous with?
Mucosal lining of nasopharynx, paransal air sinuses, and nasolacrimal duct
45
Olfactory mucosa
Lines highest part of roof and adjacent parts of septum and lateral wall, contains olfactory receptor cells
46
Respiratory mucosa
Lines rest of nasal cavity
47
What is the general sensory nerve supply of the nasal cavity derived from?
Branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves
48
General sensory nerve supply
- anterior ethmoidal nerve
- nasal branches of infraorbital nerve
- nasal branch of anterior superior alveolar nerve
- posterolateral nasal branches
- nasopalatine nerve
49
What is the anterior ethmoidal nerve a branch of?
The nasociliary nerve
50
Where does the anterior ethmoidal branch pass from?
Orbit to anterior cranial fossa view anterior ethmoidal foramen and runs forward on cribiform plate
51
What happens when the anterior ethmoidal nerve leaves the anterior cranial fossa?
Enters nasal cavity via small slit at side of crista galli
52
After the anterior ethmoidal nerve enters the nasal cavity, what does it divide into?
- Internal branches that supply mucosa of anterior parts of septum and lateral wall
- External nasal nerve supplies skin of lower part of nose
53
Nasal branches of infraorbital nerve supply what?
Skin of vestibule
54
Posterolateral nasal branches
- big nerve in posterior part
- originate from pterygopalatine ganglion or greater palatine nerve
- supply mucosa of posterior part of lateral wall
55
Nasopalatine nerve supplies what
Mucosa of posterior part of nasal septum
56
Olfactory receptor cells
Bipolar neutrons located in olfactory mucosa
57
Peripheral processes (dendrites) of olfactory receptor cells
Reach mucosal surface and give rise to nonmotiel cilia, which spread over mucosal surface
58
Central processes (axons) of olfactory receptor cells
- Join to form olfactory nerves
- pass through openings of cribiform plate
- end in olfactory bulb
59
Main source of arteries of the nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal arteries
60
Sphenopalatine artery
- major posterior artery
- terminal branch of maxillary artery
- supplies posterior parts of lateral wall and septum
61
Anterior ethmoidal artery
- major anterior artery
- branch of ophthalmic artery
- supplies anterior parts of lateral wall and septum
62
Minor sources of arteries for nasal cavity
Posterior ethmoidal artery, superior labial artery, greater palatine artery
63
Kiesselbach's area
- on anterior part of septal cartilage, septal branches of sphenopalatine, greater palatine, anterior ethmoidal, and superior labial arteries anastomose with each other
- common site of epistaxis
64
Veins of nasal cavity
- form rich plexus in submucosa
| - venous drainage is into pterygoid venous plexus, facial vein, and ophthalmic vein
65
Paranasal sinuses
Air spaces in frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones, lined by a mucous membrane continuous with that of nasal cavity
66
How do sinuses develop?
As evaginations of nasal mucosa
| -mucosa invades beans surrounding nasal cavity, with secondary bone resorption around invading mucosal sacs
67
Sinus development throughout life
- rudimentary at birth
- there is a slow, continuous growth during childhood and a rapid growth during adolescence
- sinuses attain maximum size in adult
68
Functions of paranasal sinuses
- resonating chambers for voice
| - lighten skull bones
69
What is the largest paranasal sinus?
Maxillary
70
Where is the maxillary sinus?
Within body of maxilla
71
Superior relationship of the maxillary sinus
Orbit and its contents (infraorbital canal runs along superior wall of sinus and creates a bony ridge)
72
Medial relationship to the maxillary sinus
Nasal cavity (maxillary ostium located high in medial wall, poor drainage in erect posture)
73
Inferior relationship to maxillary sinus
Maxillary alveolar process and roots of maxillary teeth (molar roots are closer to maxillary sinus than incisor roots)
74
What does the maxillary sinus communicate with?
Middle nasal meatus via an opening located in lower party of semilunar hiatus
75
Nerve supply to the maxillary sinus
Superior alveolar nerves that come up from below from teeth
76
Blood supply to the maxillary sinus
Superior alveolar arteries
77
Where is the frontal sinus located?
Within frontal bone, behind superciliary arches
78
Frontal sinus shape and size
Cary in size and are rarely symmetrical
79
Where doe the frontal sinuses usually extend?
Superiorly into frontal aquamarine and posteriorly into orbital plates (roof of orbit)
80
Where does the frontal sinus open into?
Middle nasal meatus
81
Nerve supply to frontal sinus
Supraorbital nerve
82
Blood supply to the frontal sinus
Supraorbital artery
83
Ethmoidal air cells
Thin-walled spaces within ethmoidal labyrinths
84
Number of cells in ethmoidal air cells
3 to 18
85
Anterior ethmoidal cells open into
Infundibulum of middle nasal meatus
86
Middle ethmoidal cells open
I'm surface of ethmoidal bulla of middle nasal meatus
87
Posterior ethmoidal cells open
Into superior nasal meatus
88
Nerve supply of ethmoidal air cells
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves
89
Blood supply of ethmoidal air cells
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
90
Sphenoidal sinuses location
Posterior to upper part of nasal cavity within body of sphenoid
91
Sphenoidal sinus related superiorly to
Pituitary gland and optic chasm
92
Sphenoidal sinuses related laterally to
Cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery
93
Sphenoidal sinus shape and size
Vary in size and are rarely symmetrical
94
Sphenoidal sinus opens into
Corresponding sphenoethmoidal recess
95
Nerve supply to sphenoidal sinuses
Posterior ethmoidal nerve, pharyngeal nerve
96
Blood supply of sphenoidal sinus
Posterior ethmoidal arterym pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery
