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Anatomy BLOCK 3 > Nasal Cavity And Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity And Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

Shape of the nose

A

Pyramidal

  • upper end is root
  • free tip is apex
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2
Q

Dorsum of nose

A

Extends from root to apex, in midline

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3
Q

What are the two inferior apertures of the nose?

A

The nares (nostrils)

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4
Q

What is each nostril limited by?

A

Laterally by the ala of nose

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5
Q

What is the supporting framework of nose composed of?

A

Bone and hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

What part of the nose does the bony framework support?

A

Upper part

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7
Q

What does the bony framework consist of?

A

Nasal bonds and frontal processed of maxillae

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8
Q

What supports the lower part of the nose?

A

Cartilagenous framework

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9
Q

What does the cartilagenous framework consist of?

A

One septal and two major alar cartilages

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10
Q

What ar the cartilages connected to each other and the bone by?

A

Fibrous tissue

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11
Q

What is the largest cartilage of the nose?

A

Septal cartilage

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12
Q

septal cartilage

A
  • Forms anterior part of the nasal septum

- Has 2 lateral processes (triangular in shap, located below inferior border of nasal bone

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13
Q

Major alar cartilages

A

-u-shaped, form lateral and medial borders of the nostrils (lateral and medial crura, respectively)

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14
Q

What is the nasal cavity?

A

Chamber consisting of bony cartilaginous walls, covered with mucosa

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15
Q

Where does the nasal cavity open?

A

Anteriorly on face via the nares

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16
Q

What does the nasal cavity communicate with posteriorly and by what?

A

Nasopharyngeal via posterior nasal aperture (choanae)

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17
Q

The area immediately above the nares

A

Vestibule

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18
Q

What is the vestibule lined with?

A

Skin and stiff hairs

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19
Q

Functions of nasal cavity

A
  • olfaction
  • conditioning of inspired air (filtration, humidification, warming)
  • reception of secretions from paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
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20
Q

Superior relationship of nasal cavity

A

Anterior cranial fossa separated by cribiform plate

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21
Q

Lateral to upper part of the nasal cavity

A

Ethmoidal air cells and orbit

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22
Q

Lateral to lower part of nasal cavity

A

Maxillary sinus

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23
Q

Inferior relationship to nasal cavity

A

Oral cavity separated by hard palate

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24
Q

Posterior relationship to the nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx via choanae

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25
Q

Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: floor

A

Hard palate (palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones

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26
Q

Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: roof

A

From anterior to posterior: nasal bone, nasal spins of frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, anterior and inferior aspects of body of sphenoid

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27
Q

Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: medial wall (nasal septum)

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer ( and small contributions from sphenoid, maxilla, and palatine)

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28
Q

Composition of the bony walls of the nasal cavity: lateral wall

A

Maxilla, lacrimal bone, inferior nasal choncha, ethmoidal labyrinth, perpendicular plate of palatine, and medial pterygoid plate

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29
Q

What are the 3 scroll-like bony projections on the lateral wall f the nasal cavity?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

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30
Q

What bones are the superior, middle, and inferior chonchae a part of?

A

Superior and middle belong to ethmoid, inferior concha is a separate bone

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31
Q

What is the space between each conchae and lateral wall called?

A

Meatus

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32
Q

What are the 3 nasal meatuses?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior

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33
Q

What is the part of the nasal cavity that is located above and behind superior nasal concha?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

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34
Q

Communications of superior nasal meatus

A

Posterior ethmoidal air cells open via small orifices in its lateral wall

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35
Q

Communications of the middle nasal meatus

A
  • ethmoidal bulla
  • semilunar hiatus
  • ostium of maxillary sinus
  • infandibulum
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36
Q

Ethmoidal bulla of the middle meatus

A

Elevation in lateral wall of middle meatus cause by middle ethmoidal air cells

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37
Q

Semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus

A

Curved cleft anterior and inferior to ethmoidal bulla

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38
Q

Ostium of maxillary sinus in middle meatus

A

Located in lower part of semilunar hiatus

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39
Q

Infandibulum in the middle meatus

A
  • superior end of semilunar hiatus leaders into this
  • receives openings of anterior ethmoidal air cells
  • in some individuals infandibulum also receives opening of frontal sinus
  • in others, infundibulum has superior blind end, and frontal sinus opens directly into anterior part of middle nasal meatus
40
Q

Communications of the inferior nasal meatus

A

Opening of nasolacrimal duct is located in anterior part of lateral wall

41
Q

Communications of sphenoethmoidal recess

A

Opening of sphenoid sinus

42
Q

Other than the vestibule, what is the entire nasal cavity lined with?

A

Nasal mucosa

43
Q

What is the nasal mucosa firmly bound to?

A

Periosteum and perichondrium of supporting structures

44
Q

What is the nasal mucosa continuous with?

A

Mucosal lining of nasopharynx, paransal air sinuses, and nasolacrimal duct

45
Q

Olfactory mucosa

A

Lines highest part of roof and adjacent parts of septum and lateral wall, contains olfactory receptor cells

46
Q

Respiratory mucosa

A

Lines rest of nasal cavity

47
Q

What is the general sensory nerve supply of the nasal cavity derived from?

A

Branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves

48
Q

General sensory nerve supply

A
  • anterior ethmoidal nerve
  • nasal branches of infraorbital nerve
  • nasal branch of anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • posterolateral nasal branches
  • nasopalatine nerve
49
Q

What is the anterior ethmoidal nerve a branch of?

A

The nasociliary nerve

50
Q

Where does the anterior ethmoidal branch pass from?

A

Orbit to anterior cranial fossa view anterior ethmoidal foramen and runs forward on cribiform plate

51
Q

What happens when the anterior ethmoidal nerve leaves the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Enters nasal cavity via small slit at side of crista galli

52
Q

After the anterior ethmoidal nerve enters the nasal cavity, what does it divide into?

A
  • Internal branches that supply mucosa of anterior parts of septum and lateral wall
  • External nasal nerve supplies skin of lower part of nose
53
Q

Nasal branches of infraorbital nerve supply what?

A

Skin of vestibule

54
Q

Posterolateral nasal branches

A
  • big nerve in posterior part
  • originate from pterygopalatine ganglion or greater palatine nerve
  • supply mucosa of posterior part of lateral wall
55
Q

Nasopalatine nerve supplies what

A

Mucosa of posterior part of nasal septum

56
Q

Olfactory receptor cells

A

Bipolar neutrons located in olfactory mucosa

57
Q

Peripheral processes (dendrites) of olfactory receptor cells

A

Reach mucosal surface and give rise to nonmotiel cilia, which spread over mucosal surface

58
Q

Central processes (axons) of olfactory receptor cells

A
  • Join to form olfactory nerves
  • pass through openings of cribiform plate
  • end in olfactory bulb
59
Q

Main source of arteries of the nasal cavity

A

Sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal arteries

60
Q

Sphenopalatine artery

A
  • major posterior artery
  • terminal branch of maxillary artery
  • supplies posterior parts of lateral wall and septum
61
Q

Anterior ethmoidal artery

A
  • major anterior artery
  • branch of ophthalmic artery
  • supplies anterior parts of lateral wall and septum
62
Q

Minor sources of arteries for nasal cavity

A

Posterior ethmoidal artery, superior labial artery, greater palatine artery

63
Q

Kiesselbach’s area

A
  • on anterior part of septal cartilage, septal branches of sphenopalatine, greater palatine, anterior ethmoidal, and superior labial arteries anastomose with each other
  • common site of epistaxis
64
Q

Veins of nasal cavity

A
  • form rich plexus in submucosa

- venous drainage is into pterygoid venous plexus, facial vein, and ophthalmic vein

65
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Air spaces in frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones, lined by a mucous membrane continuous with that of nasal cavity

66
Q

How do sinuses develop?

A

As evaginations of nasal mucosa

-mucosa invades beans surrounding nasal cavity, with secondary bone resorption around invading mucosal sacs

67
Q

Sinus development throughout life

A
  • rudimentary at birth
  • there is a slow, continuous growth during childhood and a rapid growth during adolescence
  • sinuses attain maximum size in adult
68
Q

Functions of paranasal sinuses

A
  • resonating chambers for voice

- lighten skull bones

69
Q

What is the largest paranasal sinus?

A

Maxillary

70
Q

Where is the maxillary sinus?

A

Within body of maxilla

71
Q

Superior relationship of the maxillary sinus

A

Orbit and its contents (infraorbital canal runs along superior wall of sinus and creates a bony ridge)

72
Q

Medial relationship to the maxillary sinus

A

Nasal cavity (maxillary ostium located high in medial wall, poor drainage in erect posture)

73
Q

Inferior relationship to maxillary sinus

A

Maxillary alveolar process and roots of maxillary teeth (molar roots are closer to maxillary sinus than incisor roots)

74
Q

What does the maxillary sinus communicate with?

A

Middle nasal meatus via an opening located in lower party of semilunar hiatus

75
Q

Nerve supply to the maxillary sinus

A

Superior alveolar nerves that come up from below from teeth

76
Q

Blood supply to the maxillary sinus

A

Superior alveolar arteries

77
Q

Where is the frontal sinus located?

A

Within frontal bone, behind superciliary arches

78
Q

Frontal sinus shape and size

A

Cary in size and are rarely symmetrical

79
Q

Where doe the frontal sinuses usually extend?

A

Superiorly into frontal aquamarine and posteriorly into orbital plates (roof of orbit)

80
Q

Where does the frontal sinus open into?

A

Middle nasal meatus

81
Q

Nerve supply to frontal sinus

A

Supraorbital nerve

82
Q

Blood supply to the frontal sinus

A

Supraorbital artery

83
Q

Ethmoidal air cells

A

Thin-walled spaces within ethmoidal labyrinths

84
Q

Number of cells in ethmoidal air cells

A

3 to 18

85
Q

Anterior ethmoidal cells open into

A

Infundibulum of middle nasal meatus

86
Q

Middle ethmoidal cells open

A

I’m surface of ethmoidal bulla of middle nasal meatus

87
Q

Posterior ethmoidal cells open

A

Into superior nasal meatus

88
Q

Nerve supply of ethmoidal air cells

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

89
Q

Blood supply of ethmoidal air cells

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

90
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses location

A

Posterior to upper part of nasal cavity within body of sphenoid

91
Q

Sphenoidal sinus related superiorly to

A

Pituitary gland and optic chasm

92
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses related laterally to

A

Cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery

93
Q

Sphenoidal sinus shape and size

A

Vary in size and are rarely symmetrical

94
Q

Sphenoidal sinus opens into

A

Corresponding sphenoethmoidal recess

95
Q

Nerve supply to sphenoidal sinuses

A

Posterior ethmoidal nerve, pharyngeal nerve

96
Q

Blood supply of sphenoidal sinus

A

Posterior ethmoidal arterym pharyngeal branch of maxillary artery

Anatomy BLOCK 3 (13 decks)

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