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Anatomy BLOCK 3 > Posterior Trisngle Of The Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Trisngle Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Skin of the back of the neck and scalp innervated by

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves C2-C5

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2
Q

Skin of anterior and lateral aspects of neck are innervated by

A

Ventral rami of C2-C4 spinal nerves via cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

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3
Q

Where do the ventral rami of C2-C4 spinal nerves emerge from?

A

Underneath posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

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4
Q

What does the ventral rami of C2-C4 spinal nerves via the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus supply?

A

Skin of anterior and lateral aspects of the neck

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5
Q

What are the cutaneous branches of cervical plexus?

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve (C2 or C2, C3)
  • greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)
  • transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)
  • supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
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6
Q

Lesser occipital nerve

A
  • cutaneous branch of cervical plexus
  • C2 or C2, C3
  • follows posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
  • supplies skin over lateral part of accipital region and upper part of medial surface of auricle
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7
Q

greater auricular nerve

A
  • cutaneous branch of cervical plexus
  • C2, C3
  • ascends superficial to sternocleidomastoid, parallel to external jugular vein
  • supplies skin over angle of mandible and parotid gland, and both surfaces of lower part of auricle
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8
Q

Transverse cervical nerve

A
  • cutaneous branch of cervical plexus
  • C2, C3
  • runs anteriorly, superficial to sternocleidomastoid
  • supplies skin of anterior and lateral aspects of neck
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9
Q

Supraclavicular nerves

A
  • cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus
  • C3, C4
  • arise by a common trunk, which divides into medial, intermediate, and later supraclavicular nerves
  • descend across side of lower neck
  • supply skin at base of neck and skin that covers upper parts of pectoral is major and deltoid muscles
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10
Q

What are the medial branches of dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves?

A
  • greater occipital nerve (C2)
  • 3rd occipital nerve (C3)
  • from 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th nerves in succession below
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11
Q

What is the platysma?

A

The muscle embedded in superficial fascia of neck

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12
Q

Origin of platysma

A

Deep fascia that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

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13
Q

Insertion of platysma

A

Fibers pass superficial to clavicle and run superiorly and medically over side of neck, some fibers insert into lower border of body of mandible, other fibers enter face and blend with muscles of lower lip and angle of mouth

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14
Q

Nerve supply of platysma

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

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15
Q

Actions of platysma

A
  • tenses skin of neck
  • helps to depress mandible
  • draws down lower lip and angle of mouth
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16
Q

External jugular vein

A
  • begins posterior to angle of mandible by union of posterior auricular vein and posterior branch of retromandibular vein
  • descends obliquely, superficial to sternocleidomastoid, toward middle of clavicle, pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia, then drains into subclavian vein
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17
Q

Posterior auricular vein

A

Drains scalp posterior and superior to auricle

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18
Q

Retromandibular vein

A
  • formed within parotid gland by union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins
  • at lower end of gland it divides into anterior and posterior branches (anterior joins facial vein, posterior joins posterior auricular vein to form EJV)
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19
Q

Trubutaries of EJV

A

Transverse cervical
Supra scapular
Anterior jugular veins

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20
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein begin?

A

In submental region by union of several small veins

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21
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein descend?

A

Close to anterior midline, just superior to jugular (suprasternal) notch of sternum it turns laterally and passes posterior (deep) to sternocleidomastoid, then drains into external jugular vein

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22
Q

What are the right and left anterior jugular veins USUALLY joined by?

A

Usually joined across midline by jugular venous arch

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23
Q

Origin of sternocleidomastoid

A

Anterior surface of mnubrium of sternum and superior surface of medial third of clavicle (clavicular head)

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24
Q

Insertion of sternocleidomastoid

A

Two heads of origin, muscle passes superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally, then inserts into mastoid process and lateral part of superior nuchal line

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25
Q

Nerve supply to the sternocleidomastoid

A
  • Accessory nerve (CN 11) for motor.

- Branches from ventral rami of C2 and C3 spinal nerves (proprioceptive)

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26
Q

What divides the anterolateral part of neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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27
Q

Sternocleidomastoid actions

A
  • unilateral contraction

- bilateral contraction

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28
Q

Unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid

A
  • lateral flexion of head and neck to sam side of contracting muscle
  • rotation of head and neck to opposite side of contracting muscle
29
Q

Bilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid

A
  • draw head forward
  • flexion of head and neck against resistance (doing sit up)
  • if head is fixed, it can act as an accessory muscle of inspiration
30
Q

What does deep cervical fascia consist of?

A

Connective tissue that supports muscles, vessels, nerves, and viscera of neck

31
Q

Investing later of the deep cervical fascia

A
  • superficial
  • completely encircles neck like a collar, splitting to enclose sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
  • roofs over anterior and posterior triangles
32
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

A
  • anterior part of neck

- muscular part (encloses infrhyoid muscles) and visceral part (enclose thyroid, larynx, etc)

33
Q

What is the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia known as posterior to pharynx and esophagus?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

34
Q

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

A
  • located in posterior part of neck

- surrounds cervical vertebrae and anterior and posterior vertebral muscles

35
Q

Carotid sheath of deep cervical fascia

A
  • fascia tube extending from base of skull to root of neck

- contains common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve ***

36
Q

What is the retropharyngeal space of the deep cervical fascia?

A

Interval between buccopharyngeal fascia (anteriorly) and prevertebral fascia (posteriorly), filled with loose connective tissue
-closed laterally by carotid sheaths

37
Q

Where does the retropharyngeal space of the deep cervical fascia extend?

A

Form base of skull to mediastinum

38
Q

Loose connective tissue of the retropharyngeal space of the deep cervical fascia

A

Accommodates movements of pharynx and esophagus during swallowing

39
Q

What represents a pathway through which neck infections can spread to mediastinum?

A

The retropharyngeal space of the deep cervical fascia

40
Q

What are all the layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  • investing layer
  • pretracheal layer
  • prevertebral layer
  • carotid sheath
  • retropharyngeal space
41
Q

Anterior boundary of posterior triangle of neck

A

Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

Posterior border of thee posterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior border of the trapezius

43
Q

Inferior border of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Middle 1/3 of clavicle

44
Q

What is the posterior triangle of the neck covered by?

A
  • skin
  • superficial fascia
  • platysma
  • investing layer of deep cervical fascia
45
Q

Floor of the posterior trnagle of the neck

A

-splenius capitis
-levator scapulae
-scalenus posterior
-scalenus medius
All covered by the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia

small part of scalenus anterior may be present but it is usually hidden by sternocleidomastoid

46
Q

What divides the posterior triangle into occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle?

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid

47
Q

Origin of scalenus anterior

A

Transverse process of C3 and C6 vertebrae

48
Q

Insertion of scalenus anterior

A

Superior surface of 1st rib and scalene tubercle

49
Q

What muscle holds your neck up?

A

Scalenus anterior

50
Q

Structures that are anterior to scalenus anterior

A

-subclavian vein
-phrenic nerve
-superficial cervical
-suprascapular arteries
-terminal part of thoracic duct
*

51
Q

Structures that are posterior to scalenus anterior

A

-brachial plexus
-subclavian artery
*

52
Q

What is the largest and longest of the scalene muscles?

A

Scalenus medius

53
Q

Origin of scalenus medius

A

Transverse process of C2 to C7 vertebrae

54
Q

Insertion of scalenus medius

A

Superior surface of 1st rib, between costal tubercle and groove for subclavian artery

55
Q

What is the smalles of the scalene muscles?

A

Scalenus posterior

56
Q

Origin of scalenus posterior

A

Transverse processes of C4 to C6 vertebrae

57
Q

Insertion of scalenus posterior

A

Outer surface of 2nd rib

58
Q

Nerve supply of scalene muscles

A

Direct muscular branch from ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

59
Q

Actions of scalene muscles

A
  • lateral flexion of neck

- accessory muscles of inspiration (elevate 1st and 2nd ribs in forced inspiration)

60
Q

Inferior belly of omohyoid

A
  • Attaches to superior border of scapula, just medial to suprascapular notch
  • passes anteriorly and superiorly, across lower part of posterior triangle of neck, then passes deep to sternocleidomastoid and ends in intermediate tendon
61
Q

Superior belly of omohyoid

A

Begins at intermediate tendon, ascends almost vertically in anterior triangle of neck, then attaches to body of hyoid

62
Q

Angulated course of omohyoid

A

Maintained by loop of deep cervical fascia that surrounds intermediate tendon and attaches inferiorly to clavicle and 1st rib

63
Q

Nerve supply to omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis (ventral rami of C1 to C3)

64
Q

Action of omohyoid

A

Depresses hyoid bone

65
Q

Arteries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A
  • subclavian artery (3rd part)
  • superficial (transverse) cervical artery
  • suprascapular artery
  • dorsal scapular artery
  • occipital artery
66
Q

Veins of the posterior triangle of the neck

A
  • external jugular vein and its tributaries

- subclavian vein (occasionally)

67
Q

Nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck

A
  • brachial plexus and branches arising from its roots and trunks
  • accessory nerve
  • branches of cervical plexus
68
Q

What other structures are in the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • some cervical lymph nodes (along course of accessory nerve and superficial/transverse cervical vessels)
  • inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Anatomy BLOCK 3 (13 decks)

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