Temporal and Infratemporal Region Flashcards
What is the superior and posterior border of the temporal fossa?
Superior and inferior temporal lines
What is the anterior border of the temporal fossa?
Frontal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of frontal bone
What is the inferior border of the temporal fossa?
Infratemporal crest deep to the zygomatic arch
What forms the floor of the temporal fossa?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bones
Includes the pterion
Describe the temporal fascia
Forms roof of temporal fossa
Attaches to superior temporal line superiorly
Inferiorly splits into 2 layers which attach to the lateral and medial surfaces of the zygomatic arch
Provides resistance to the masseter
What is the infratemporal fossa?
A space that contains various muscles and neurovascular structures which communicate with the temporal fossa through the interval deep to the zygomatic arch and superficial to the cranial bones
What are the lateral and medial borders of the infratemporal fossa?
Laterally - ramus of the mandible
Medially - Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
What are the anterior and posterior borders of the infratemporal fossa?
Anteriorly - posterior aspect of maxilla
Posteriorly - tympanic plate, mastoid and styloid processes
What are the superior and inferior borders of the infratemporal fossa?
Superiorly - infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone
Inferiorly - angle of the mandible
What muscles are found in the infratemporal fossa?
Inferior part of the temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
What blood vessels are found in the infratemporal fossa?
Maxillary artery
Pterygoid venous plexus
What nerves are found in the infratemporal fossa?
Mandibular
Inferior alveolar
Lingual
Buccal
Chorda tympani nerves
Otic ganglion
Where does the mandibular nerve arise and exit the skull?
Arises from trigeminal ganglion in middle cranial fossa
Exits skull and enters infratemporal fossa through foramen ovale
What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?
Posterior:
Auriculotemporal nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Lingual nerve
Anterior:
Buccal nerve
Describe the auriculotemporal nerve
Encircles the middle meningeal artery
Many branches, largest supplies sensory fibres to auricle and temporal region
Sends sensory fibres to TMJ
Passes postsynaptic parasympathetic fibres from otic ganglion to parotid gland
Describe the inferior alveolar nerve
Enters mandibular foramen and passes through mandibular canal forming the inferior dental plexus which supplies the mandibular teeth
Describe the mental nerve
Branch of the dental plexus
Passes through mental foramen inferior to lower premolars to supply skin of lower lip and chin, and gingiva of mandibular incisors
Describe the lingual nerve
Anterior to inferior alveolar nerve
Sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth and lingual gingivae
Passes medial and inferior to lower 3rd molars
Joined by chorda tympani nerve within infratemporal fossa
What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?
1st - mandibular
2nd - pterygoid
3rd - pterygopalatine
Describe the mandibular part of the maxillary artery
Runs anteriorly, deep to the neck of the mandible, then passes deeply between the lateral and medial pterygoids
Describe the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery
Runs adjacent (superficial or deep) to the lateral pterygoid and ascends obliquely anterosuperiorly medial to the temporalis
Describe the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery
Runs distally, anteromedially to the lateral pterygoid and passes between its heads and through the pterygomaxillary fissure and into the pterygopalatine fossa
Describe the middle meningeal artery
Branch of 1st part of maxillary artery
Supplies dura mater and passes through foramen spinosum to enter the middle cranial fossa
Describe the inferior alveolar artery
Branch of 1st part of maxillary artery
Enters mandibular foramen with IAN to supply teeth of lower jaw via dental branches
Describe the anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries
Branches of 2nd part of maxillary artery
Ascend between temporalis and bone of temporal fossa, supplying mainly muscle
Describe the masseteric artery
Branch of 2nd part of maxillary artery
Passes through mandibular notch to supply the masseter and TMJ
Describe the buccal artery
Branch of 2nd part of maxillary artery
Passes anteriorly onto buccinator to supply the cheek including the buccinator and buccal oral mucosa
Describe the superior alveolar arteries
Branches of 3rd part of maxillary artery
Supply maxillary teeth and adjacent mucosa and gingivae
What is responsible for venous drainage of the infratemporal fossa?
The pterygoid venous plexus
