Superficial Face and Muscles of Facial Expression Flashcards
Where is the face?
The anterior aspect of the head from forehead to chin and from one ear to the other
What is the main role of the face?
Communicating by making expressions through the facial muscles
What nerves provide cutaneous innervation of the scalp and face?
CNV
Cervical nerves from C2 and C3
What branches of CNVa innervate the scalp and face?
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Infratrochlear
External nasal
Lacrimal
What branches of CNVb innervate the scalp and face?
Zygomaticotemporal
Zygomaticofacial
Infraorbital
What branches of CNVc innervate the scalp and face?
Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental
Which spinal nerves innervate the scalp and face?
C2 - greater occipital
C3 - third occipital
C2 and 3 - great auricular and lesser occipital
What supplies the angle of the mandible?
C2 and 3 - great auricular nerve
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Occipitofrontalis
Platysma
Where does the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis originate and insert?
Originates from the epicranial aponeurosis and inserts into the skin/subcutaneous tissue of the eyebrows and forehead
Where does the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis originate and insert?
Originates from the lateral 2/3 of the superior nuchal line and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis
What are the actions of the occipitofrontalis?
Retract the scalp - occipital belly
Wrinkle the forehead and elevate the eyebrows - frontal belly
Where does the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi originate and insert?
Originates from the medial palpebral ligament and inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe at the ligament
Where does the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi originate and insert?
Originates from the nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla and medial palpebral ligament
Inserts into skin around margin of orbit
What are the actions of the orbicularis oculi?
Close the eyelids gently (palpebral) - involuntary or blinking reflex
Close the eyelids tightly (orbital) - voluntary
What innervates the occipitofrontalis?
Frontal belly - temporal branch of CNVII
Occipital belly - posterior auricular branch of CNVII
What innervates the orbicularis oculi?
Temporal and zygomatic branches of CNVII
Where does the orbicularis oris originate and insert?
Originates partially from buccinator/surrounding muscles and also from medial mandible/maxilla
Inserts into mucous membrane of lips
What are the actions of the orbicularis oris?
Close and/or protrude the lips
Together with the buccinator and tongue, keeps food between occlusal surfaces of teeth
Assists in whistling
What innervates the buccinator?
Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of CNVII
Where does the buccinator originate and insert?
Originates from posterior part of alveolar processes of maxilla/mandible and from pterygomandibular raphe
Inserts as fibres merge with orbicularis oris
What are the functions of the buccinator?
Presses the cheeks against the molars and works with the tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces of teeth
Assists with smiling and resists distension
What innervates the buccinator?
Buccal branch off CNVII
Where is the buccal fat pad and why is it important?
Lies superficially to the buccinator and is pierced by the parotid duct
Where does the platysma originate and insert?
Originates from subcutaneous tissue of the infra and supraclavicular regions
Inserts at base of mandible to merge with orbicularis oris, skin of check, lower lip and angle of mouth
What are the actions of the platysma?
To tense the skin of inferior face/neck and depress the mandible
What are the functions of the dilators?
To widen the mouth or to lift or depress corners of the mouth
What are the different dilator muscles?
Levator anguli oris
Levator labii superioris
Zygomatic major
Zygomatic minor
Risorius
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
What are the facial muscles of the nose and what are their actions?
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi - flaring of nostrils
Nasalis - wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose
Which branches of the internal carotid artery supply the face?
Branches of the ophthalmic artery:
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Which branches of the external carotid artery supply the face?
Facial
Maxillary - buccal, mental, infraorbital
Superficial temporal - transverse facial
Where can a pulse be taken in the face?
Facial artery at inferior border of mandible
Transverse facial artery just anterior to the auricle
What drains into the cavernous sinus?
Ophthalmic vein
Facial vein
What drains into the retromandibular vein?
Superior temporal vein
Maxillary vein
Where does the facial vein drain?
Cavernous sinus
Internal jugular vein
Why is there a danger triangle of the face?
No valves in the external facial veins so blood flows both ways
Skin infections in this area may spread as intracranial infections
No deep fascia so in lacerations blood and fluid can accumulate and inflammation causes large swellings
What innervates the muscles of facial expression of the ear?
CNVII
What supplies and drains the muscles of facial expression of the ear?
Arterial supply via the posterior auricular and superficial temporal arteries of the ECA
Venous drainage to EJV
Lymphatic drainage via parotid and mastoid nodes to deep cervical nodes
What are the layers of the eyelids?
Skin
Connective tissue
Conjunctiva - palpebral and bulbar
Muscle (orbicularis oculi)
Tarsus
Orbital septum
What role does the tarsus play in the eyelids?
Eyelid support
What is the orbital septum?
A fibrous membrane going from tarsi to margins of orbit
Anterior border of orbit is continuous with the periosteum
What connects the superior and inferior tarsi?
Lateral palpebral ligament
Describe arterial supply of the eyelids
Arterial supply via the facial, transverse facial and superficial temporal arteries (ECA) and the supratrochlear, supraorbital and lacrimal arteries (ICA)
Describe venous and lymphatic drainage of the eyelids
Venous drainage is via veins following the arteries
Lymphatic drainage is via parotid nodes
