Cranial Blood Supply and Venous Dranage Flashcards
What are the branches of the vertebral artery in the brain?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Anterior spinal artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
What is the branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?
Posterior spinal artery
What happens to the two vertebral arteries in the brain?
They fuse to form the basilar artery
What are the branches of the basilar artery?
Labyrinthine artery
Pontine branches
Superior cerebellar artery
What happens to the basilar artery as it travels anteriorly?
It branches into the 2 posterior cerebral arteries
Describe the posterior cerebral artery
P1 is from the basilar artery to the posterior communicating artery
P2 begins at the posterior communicating artery
What branches from the posterior cerebral artery?
The posterior communicating artery
What crosses through the junction of the posterior communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery
The internal carotid artery
What are the branches of the middle cerebral artery?
Anterior choroidal artery
Lenticulo-striate arteries
Describe the anterior cerebral artery
A1 is from the junction of the internal carotid and posterior communicating artery to the anterior communicating artery
A2 is from the anterior communicating artery and travels anteriorly
What branches off the internal carotid artery after the junction in the circle of Willis?
The ophthalmic artery
Which arteries make up the circle of Willis?
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Where does the middle meningeal artery arise from?
A branch of the maxillary artery
Where do the anterior meningeal arteries arise from?
The ethmoidal arteries
Which arteries have meningeal branches?
ECA: occipital artery, ascending pharyngeal artery,maxillary artery
ICA: ethmoidal arteries
Vertebral artery
Describe anterior cerebral artery occlusion
If the occlusion is proximal to the anterior communicating artery, the collateral circulation is usually adequate to preserve the circulation
Occlusion distal to this may produce signs and symptoms
What are the signs and symptoms of anterior cerebral artery occlusiuon?
Contralateral hemispheres and hemisensory loss involving mainly the leg and foot
Inability to identify objects correctly
Apathy
Personality changes
What are the signs and symptoms of middle cerebral artery occlusion?
Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss involving mainly the face and arm
Aphasia if the left hemisphere is affected
Anosognosia if the right hemisphere is affected
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
What are the signs and symptoms of posterior cerebral artery occlusion?
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with some degree of macular sparing
Visual agnosia
Impairment of memory
What are dural venous sinuses?
Spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
They are endothelium lined
Responsible for venous drainage of the brain
Carry out CSF resorption via arachnoid villi/granulations
What are the main sinuses of the brain?
Inferior sagittal sinus
Occipital sinus
Superior sagittal sinus
What drains into the straight sinus?
Inferior sagittal sinus
What drains into the junction/confluence of sinuses?
Occipital sinus
Superior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Where does the junction of sinuses drain?
The transverse sinus
What drains into the cavernous sinus?
Ophthalmic sinus
Facial vein
What happens to blood in the cavernous sinus?
Drains so the superior petrosal sinus and inferior petrosal sinus
What drains into the sigmoid sinus?
Transverse sinus
Superior petrosal sinus
What are the different types of cranial haemorrhage?
Extradural or epidural
Dural border (sub dural) hematoma
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
What is an extradural hematoma?
A collection of blood between the skull and dura mater
Usually caused by a torn artery from a skull fracture
What is a subdural hematoma?
A collection of blood between the dura and the surface of the brain
What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
A collection of blood between the surface of the brain and the subarachnoid space
