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3 Head & Neck Anatomy > Cranial Blood Supply and Venous Dranage > Flashcards

Cranial Blood Supply and Venous Dranage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the branches of the vertebral artery in the brain?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Anterior spinal artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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2
Q

What is the branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Posterior spinal artery

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3
Q

What happens to the two vertebral arteries in the brain?

A

They fuse to form the basilar artery

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4
Q

What are the branches of the basilar artery?

A

Labyrinthine artery
Pontine branches
Superior cerebellar artery

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5
Q

What happens to the basilar artery as it travels anteriorly?

A

It branches into the 2 posterior cerebral arteries

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6
Q

Describe the posterior cerebral artery

A

P1 is from the basilar artery to the posterior communicating artery
P2 begins at the posterior communicating artery

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7
Q

What branches from the posterior cerebral artery?

A

The posterior communicating artery

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8
Q

What crosses through the junction of the posterior communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery

A

The internal carotid artery

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9
Q

What are the branches of the middle cerebral artery?

A

Anterior choroidal artery
Lenticulo-striate arteries

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10
Q

Describe the anterior cerebral artery

A

A1 is from the junction of the internal carotid and posterior communicating artery to the anterior communicating artery
A2 is from the anterior communicating artery and travels anteriorly

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11
Q

What branches off the internal carotid artery after the junction in the circle of Willis?

A

The ophthalmic artery

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12
Q

Which arteries make up the circle of Willis?

A

Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery

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13
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery arise from?

A

A branch of the maxillary artery

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14
Q

Where do the anterior meningeal arteries arise from?

A

The ethmoidal arteries

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15
Q

Which arteries have meningeal branches?

A

ECA: occipital artery, ascending pharyngeal artery,maxillary artery
ICA: ethmoidal arteries
Vertebral artery

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16
Q

Describe anterior cerebral artery occlusion

A

If the occlusion is proximal to the anterior communicating artery, the collateral circulation is usually adequate to preserve the circulation
Occlusion distal to this may produce signs and symptoms

17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of anterior cerebral artery occlusiuon?

A

Contralateral hemispheres and hemisensory loss involving mainly the leg and foot
Inability to identify objects correctly
Apathy
Personality changes

18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of middle cerebral artery occlusion?

A

Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss involving mainly the face and arm
Aphasia if the left hemisphere is affected
Anosognosia if the right hemisphere is affected
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of posterior cerebral artery occlusion?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with some degree of macular sparing
Visual agnosia
Impairment of memory

20
Q

What are dural venous sinuses?

A

Spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
They are endothelium lined
Responsible for venous drainage of the brain
Carry out CSF resorption via arachnoid villi/granulations

21
Q

What are the main sinuses of the brain?

A

Inferior sagittal sinus
Occipital sinus
Superior sagittal sinus

22
Q

What drains into the straight sinus?

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

23
Q

What drains into the junction/confluence of sinuses?

A

Occipital sinus
Superior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus

24
Q

Where does the junction of sinuses drain?

A

The transverse sinus

25
Q

What drains into the cavernous sinus?

A

Ophthalmic sinus
Facial vein

26
Q

What happens to blood in the cavernous sinus?

A

Drains so the superior petrosal sinus and inferior petrosal sinus

27
Q

What drains into the sigmoid sinus?

A

Transverse sinus
Superior petrosal sinus

28
Q

What are the different types of cranial haemorrhage?

A

Extradural or epidural
Dural border (sub dural) hematoma
Subarachnoid haemorrhage

29
Q

What is an extradural hematoma?

A

A collection of blood between the skull and dura mater
Usually caused by a torn artery from a skull fracture

30
Q

What is a subdural hematoma?

A

A collection of blood between the dura and the surface of the brain

31
Q

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

A collection of blood between the surface of the brain and the subarachnoid space

3 Head & Neck Anatomy (22 decks)

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