Teeth

Question 1

how is the mouth divided in the triadan numbering system?

Answer 1

into 4 (8) quadrants:
1/5: right upper permanent/right upper deciduous
2/6: left upper permanent/left upper deciduous
3/7: left lower permanent/left lower deciduous
4/8: right lower permanent/right lower deciduous

deciduous is baby teeth

Question 2

what do the numbers represent in the triadan numbering system?

Answer 2

the first digit denotes QUADRANT

The second and third digits denote TOOTH POSITION within the quadrant with the sequence always starting at the midline

The central incisor is always 01 with the following incisors 02 and 03. The canines are always 04. The premolars are 05-08 and the last premolar present is always 08. The first molar is always 09 with the following molars (if present) 010 and 011. For example, the upper right maxillary canine is 104. The corresponding deciduous canine is 504.

Question 3

give the permanent and deciduous formulas for canine teeth

Answer 3

permanent: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P4/4 M 2/3) = 42
basically 3 incisors on right and left, upper and lower, 1 canine on right and left, upper and lower, 4 premolars on right and left, upper and lower, and 2 molars on right and left upper, 3 molars on right and left lower for a total of 42 permanent teeth

deciduous: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/3) = 28

Question 4

give the permanent and deciduous formulas for feline teeth

Answer 4

permanent: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1) = 30

deciduous: 2 (I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2) = 26

Question 5

give the permanent and deciduous formulas for equine teeth

Answer 5

average permanent: 2 (I 0/3 C 0-1/0-1 P 3-4/4 M 3/3) = 36-42

minimum permanent: 2 (I3/3 C 0/0 P 3/3 M 3/3)= 36

maximum permanent: 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/3)= 44

deciduous: 2 (I 0/3 C 0/0 P 3/3)= 24

Question 6

give the permanent and deciduous formulas for bovine/ovine/caprine teeth

Answer 6

permanent: 2 (I 0/3 C 0/1 P 3/3 M 3/3) = 32

deciduous: 2 (I 0/3 C 0/1 P 3/3) = 20

Question 7

what are the 2 ways to write the permanent teeth formula of cows? and why are we being so extra?

Answer 7

2 (I 0/3 C 0/1 P 3/3 M 3/3) = 32

2 (I 0/4 C 0/0 P 3/3 M 3/3) = 32

the one canine tooth may be considered either an incisor or a canine tooth

Question 8

what are the eruption times for deciduous and permanent incisors, canines, premolars, and molars? for dogs, unsure if actually need this info

Answer 8

incisors:
deciduous: 3-4 weeks
perm: 3-5 months

canines:
deciduous: 3 weeks
perm: 4-6 months

premolars:
deciduous: 4-12 weeks
perm: 4-6 months

molars:
deciduous: none
perm: 5-7 months

Question 9

describe canine teeth in mares

Answer 9

canine teeth are usually absent or rudimentary in the mare and may not erupt through the gingiva, so their dental formula is closer to the minimum permanent (36) variation

Question 10

describe the 1st upper premolar (PM1/wolf tooth) in equines

Answer 10

is a much reduced, inconstant vestige on the upper arcade; a lower arcade PM1 is unlikely but does occur

Question 11

contrast equine canine teeth between males and females

Answer 11

canine teeth are large and more fully erupted in intact males (less so in geldings) and are less developed in mares and eruption may only occur in the lower arcade if at all

Question 12

which teeth in equines are hypsodont and which are brachydont?

Answer 12

brachydont: canines and wolf teeth (PM1)
hypsodont: incisors, most premolars, and molars

Question 13

what do hypsodont teeth have at their occlusal surfaces (biting edge)?

Answer 13

deep invaginations/infundibula

Question 14

describe equine cheek teeth

Answer 14

long crown with minimal root

Question 15

what are the cups of equine teeth?

Answer 15

the shallow single infundibulum of the incisors, lined by cementum, different from the dental pulp cavity, which is filled with dentin

Question 16

which bovine teeth and hypsodont and which are brachydont?

Answer 16

brachydont: incisors and canines
hypsodont: premolars and molars