Abdominal Topography

Question 1

describe/recognize/identify the abdominal muscles in the dog, horse, and cow (5)

Answer 1

1. cutaneous trunci (most superficial)
2. external abdominal oblique
3. internal abdominal oblique
   (cow has 2 layers; both a pelvic and lumbar attachment)
4. transversus abdominis (most medial)
5. rectus abdominis (runs from prepubic tendon to sternum on both sides)

Question 2

what abdominal topography can be observed on the left and right sides of a horse?

Answer 2

left:
generally: visceral organ in dorsal intrathoracic portion of cavity and descending colon on floor
specifically (7):
1. liver
2. stomach
3. spleen
4. jejunum
5. ascending ventral colon
6. ascending dorsal colon
7. descending colon

right:
generally: visceral organs pushed craniodorsal by ascending colon and more organs on right side bc pushed to right by stomach

specifically (6):
1. more of the liver than left side
2. right kidney
3. descending duodenum
4. cecum (takes up entire right caudal and ventral portion of abdominal cavity; apex toward sternum)
5. ascending ventral colon
6. ascending dorsal colon

Question 3

describe how the abdominal cavity of the horse can be divided

Answer 3

if you draw a line from the tuber coxae to the deltoid tuberosity, the ventral half of the abdomen is composed of cecum and colon, visceral organs are above the line (ventral), the large intestine is dorsal to the line, and the small intestine squeezes in between segments of the large intestine wherever she can fit

Question 4

describe the ventral view of abdominal topography of the horse

Answer 4

cannot see any visceral organs;
right and left ventral ascending colon make up outer borders, with cecum central and jejunum and descending colon squished between cecum and left ventral ascending colon

Question 5

describe the abdominal topography of the lateral view of left side of the cow

Answer 5

rumen is the main star, sometimes can see a little bit of reticulum but mainly rumen

Question 6

describe the abdominal topography of the medial view of the left side of the cow (as if looking through right side organs to things that are on the left side, just covered by the rumen if looking actually from the right side) (5 structures)

Answer 6

1. esophagus
2. reticulum
3. rumen still mainly most of it
4. omasum
5. abomasum

Question 6

describe the abdominal topography of the right side of the cow (7)

Answer 6

rumen has pushed most everything to the right side
1. liver (including the left lobe!)
2. both kidneys
3. gallbladder
4. descending duodenum
5. jejunum
6. ascending colon
7. abomasum

Question 7

describe the abdominal topography of the right and left side of the dog (5)

Answer 7

1. liver
2. stomach
3. spleen
   (1-3 in intrathoracic portion and covered by diaphragm)
4. jejunum
5. colon
   covered by greater omentum

dog is basically the same on both sides, organs run cranially to caudally and aren’t really pushed to one side or the other like in large animals

Question 8

describe the omentum of cows

Answer 8

2 parts:
greater omentum covers viscera; creates a sling for the GI tract to sit in; has two layers (a deep leaf and a superficial leaf)
lesser omentum is specifically over omasum