Nutrition- Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
list and describe the 6 major classes of nutrients
- carbohydrates: sugars, starches, fibers (grams per day)
- proteins: amino acids
- fats: fatty acids (grams per day)
- vitamins: water soluble, fat soluble, and vitamin-like compound (micrograms to milligrams per day)
- minerals: macro (grams per day) and micro-minerals (milligrams per day)
- water: kilograms to liters per day
define vitamins
organic molecules needed in small quantities
list 9 water-soluble vitamins
- thiamin (B1)
- riboflavin (B2)
- niacin (B3)
- pantothenic acid (B5)
- pyroxidine (B6)
- biotin (B7)
- folic acid (B9)
- cobalamin (B12)
- vitamin C: dogs and cats synthesize this in their liver as long as diet is adequate
what are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins and what does fat-soluble mean?
A D E K; need fat in diet to be absorbed
describe choline
a vitamin-like compound that dogs and cats synthesize in their liver but is needed in large quantities so is often supplemented in the diet
describe minerals
inorganic elements needed in small quantities
list 5 macro-minerals
- calcium
- phosphorus
- magnesium
- sulfur
- electrolytes: sodium, potassium, chloride
list 9 micro-minerals
- manganese
- zinc
- iron
- copper
- selenium
- iodine
- cobalt
- molybdenum
- chromium
what does complete and balanced mean?
complete means the product contains all the nutrients required for the lifestage the product is intended for
balanced means all nutrients are present in the correct ratios for the lifestage the product is intended for
what is the most important part of a feed label?
the nutritional adequacy statement; is the key to matching a pet’s nutritional needs with a product
what are the metabolic and physiologic functions of calcium (4)
- blood clotting
- muscle function
- nerve transmission
- membrane permeability
what are the structural functions of phosphorus? (3)
- energy metabolism (ATP)
- genetic material (DNA and RNA)
- cell membrane phospholipids
where is 99% of calcium and 80% of phosphorus found?
in bones and teeth as hydroxyapatite
what can excessive calcium consumption during growth result in?
poor growth and angular limb deformities
what can a calcium:phosphorus ratio imbalance result in? when does this commonly happen?
nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism; secondary to nutritional imbalances, leading to thin and translucent bones; often seen in all meat diets that are high in phosphorous and low in calcium