Nutrition- Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

list and describe the 6 major classes of nutrients

A
  1. carbohydrates: sugars, starches, fibers (grams per day)
  2. proteins: amino acids
  3. fats: fatty acids (grams per day)
  4. vitamins: water soluble, fat soluble, and vitamin-like compound (micrograms to milligrams per day)
  5. minerals: macro (grams per day) and micro-minerals (milligrams per day)
  6. water: kilograms to liters per day
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2
Q

define vitamins

A

organic molecules needed in small quantities

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3
Q

list 9 water-soluble vitamins

A
  1. thiamin (B1)
  2. riboflavin (B2)
  3. niacin (B3)
  4. pantothenic acid (B5)
  5. pyroxidine (B6)
  6. biotin (B7)
  7. folic acid (B9)
  8. cobalamin (B12)
  9. vitamin C: dogs and cats synthesize this in their liver as long as diet is adequate
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4
Q

what are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins and what does fat-soluble mean?

A

A D E K; need fat in diet to be absorbed

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5
Q

describe choline

A

a vitamin-like compound that dogs and cats synthesize in their liver but is needed in large quantities so is often supplemented in the diet

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6
Q

describe minerals

A

inorganic elements needed in small quantities

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7
Q

list 5 macro-minerals

A
  1. calcium
  2. phosphorus
  3. magnesium
  4. sulfur
  5. electrolytes: sodium, potassium, chloride
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8
Q

list 9 micro-minerals

A
  1. manganese
  2. zinc
  3. iron
  4. copper
  5. selenium
  6. iodine
  7. cobalt
  8. molybdenum
  9. chromium
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9
Q

what does complete and balanced mean?

A

complete means the product contains all the nutrients required for the lifestage the product is intended for

balanced means all nutrients are present in the correct ratios for the lifestage the product is intended for

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10
Q

what is the most important part of a feed label?

A

the nutritional adequacy statement; is the key to matching a pet’s nutritional needs with a product

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11
Q

what are the metabolic and physiologic functions of calcium (4)

A
  1. blood clotting
  2. muscle function
  3. nerve transmission
  4. membrane permeability
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12
Q

what are the structural functions of phosphorus? (3)

A
  1. energy metabolism (ATP)
  2. genetic material (DNA and RNA)
  3. cell membrane phospholipids
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13
Q

where is 99% of calcium and 80% of phosphorus found?

A

in bones and teeth as hydroxyapatite

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14
Q

what can excessive calcium consumption during growth result in?

A

poor growth and angular limb deformities

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15
Q

what can a calcium:phosphorus ratio imbalance result in? when does this commonly happen?

A

nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism; secondary to nutritional imbalances, leading to thin and translucent bones; often seen in all meat diets that are high in phosphorous and low in calcium

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