Tectonics 1.6 Flashcards
What does population growth do to risk?
Increase risk;
The u___________ and u____ s_____ increase risk.
urbanisation and urban sprawl
E__________ d__________ increase risk
Environmental degradation
Loss of c________ m_____ about h______ increases risk
Loss of community memory about hazards
Very y____, or very o__ p________ increases risk
Very young, or very old population
Ageing, i________ i__________ increases risk
Inadequate infrastructure;
Greater r_______ on p____, w____ and c____________ systems increases risk
Greater reliance on power, water and communication systems
W______ and e________-r_______ systems mitigate risk
Warning and emergency-response systems
E_______ w_____ mitigates risk
Economic wealth
G__________ d_______-a________ p___________ mitigates risk
Government disaster-assistance programmes
I________ mitigates risk
Insurance
C_________ i________ mitigates risk
Community initiatives
S________ u_________ mitigates risk
Scientific understanding
H______ e________ mitigates risk
Hazard engineering
What is considered low human development?
below 0.55 HDI
What basic needs do people lack with low HDI, even in ‘normal times’?
Sufficient water and food
What does informal housing mean for locations with low HDI?
No regard for hazard resilience;
What does poor access to healthcare mean for locations with low HDI?
Disease and illness are common;
What do lower education levels mean for locations with low HDI?
Hazard perception and risk awareness is low;
Why do some locations with very low human development (below 0.55), have high vulnerability?
Lack basic needs;
Informal housing;
Poor access to healthcare;
Low education levels;
What do many low-incomes groups lack?
A ‘safety net’;
What is a personal safety net?
Personal food stores/ savings
What is a governmental safety net?
Social security, aid, free healthcare
Why do low-income groups have so few resources after a disaster?
Lack of safety net;
What does governance refer to?
Process by which a country/region is run
What does good governance imply about national and local governance?
Effective safety; health; education
What does the effectiveness of governance impact?
Coping capacity;
Resilience;
Why does ‘meeting basic need’ link governance and vulnerability?
Food; Water; Health needs met - population physically able to cope
Why does ‘land-use zoning’ link governance and vulnerability by reducing risk?
Prevents habitation on high risk slopes/areas prone to liquefaction/volcanic hazard zone
What type of hazards does environmental management prevent?
Secondary, such as landslides
Why does environmental management prevent secondary hazards?
Deforestation exacerbates
What can the correct monitoring equipment warn for?
Some hazards, such as lahars
What do education and community preparation programmes do for awareness?
Raise awareness;
What do education and community preparation programmes teach people to do?
Prepare; Evacuate; Act;
What does siphoning off money ear-marked for hazard management allow?
Maintains use of Illegal or unsafe buildings
What is a kick-back?
Elicit payment made in exchange for facilitating a transaction;
What is a kick-back an example of?
Corruption;
What does allowing illegal or unsafe buildings to stay due to corruption for vulnerability?
Increases vulnerability;
What does having openness, with free press and media mean for government?
Can be held accountable;
How does increasing accountable decrease vulnerability?
Increases likelihood of preparation/planning;
What is the national disaster management agency in the USA called?
FEMA
What is the national disaster management agency is the Philippines called?
PHIVOLCS
What geographical factors impact the nature of tectonic hazard impacts?
Population density;
Degree of Urbanisation;
Isolation/ Accessibility;
What do urban areas have more of than rural areas?
Assets;
