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Geography: Edexel A Level > Tectonics 1.6 > Flashcards

Tectonics 1.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does population growth do to risk?

A

Increase risk;

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2
Q

The u___________ and u____ s_____ increase risk.

A

urbanisation and urban sprawl

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3
Q

E__________ d__________ increase risk

A

Environmental degradation

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4
Q

Loss of c________ m_____ about h______ increases risk

A

Loss of community memory about hazards

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5
Q

Very y____, or very o__ p________ increases risk

A

Very young, or very old population

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6
Q

Ageing, i________ i__________ increases risk

A

Inadequate infrastructure;

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7
Q

Greater r_______ on p____, w____ and c____________ systems increases risk

A

Greater reliance on power, water and communication systems

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8
Q

W______ and e________-r_______ systems mitigate risk

A

Warning and emergency-response systems

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9
Q

E_______ w_____ mitigates risk

A

Economic wealth

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10
Q

G__________ d_______-a________ p___________ mitigates risk

A

Government disaster-assistance programmes

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11
Q

I________ mitigates risk

A

Insurance

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12
Q

C_________ i________ mitigates risk

A

Community initiatives

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13
Q

S________ u_________ mitigates risk

A

Scientific understanding

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14
Q

H______ e________ mitigates risk

A

Hazard engineering

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15
Q

What is considered low human development?

A

below 0.55 HDI

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16
Q

What basic needs do people lack with low HDI, even in ‘normal times’?

A

Sufficient water and food

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17
Q

What does informal housing mean for locations with low HDI?

A

No regard for hazard resilience;

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18
Q

What does poor access to healthcare mean for locations with low HDI?

A

Disease and illness are common;

19
Q

What do lower education levels mean for locations with low HDI?

A

Hazard perception and risk awareness is low;

20
Q

Why do some locations with very low human development (below 0.55), have high vulnerability?

A

Lack basic needs;
Informal housing;
Poor access to healthcare;
Low education levels;

21
Q

What do many low-incomes groups lack?

A

A ‘safety net’;

22
Q

What is a personal safety net?

A

Personal food stores/ savings

23
Q

What is a governmental safety net?

A

Social security, aid, free healthcare

24
Q

Why do low-income groups have so few resources after a disaster?

A

Lack of safety net;

25
Q

What does governance refer to?

A

Process by which a country/region is run

26
Q

What does good governance imply about national and local governance?

A

Effective safety; health; education

27
Q

What does the effectiveness of governance impact?

A

Coping capacity;
Resilience;

28
Q

Why does ‘meeting basic need’ link governance and vulnerability?

A

Food; Water; Health needs met - population physically able to cope

29
Q

Why does ‘land-use zoning’ link governance and vulnerability by reducing risk?

A

Prevents habitation on high risk slopes/areas prone to liquefaction/volcanic hazard zone

30
Q

What type of hazards does environmental management prevent?

A

Secondary, such as landslides

31
Q

Why does environmental management prevent secondary hazards?

A

Deforestation exacerbates

32
Q

What can the correct monitoring equipment warn for?

A

Some hazards, such as lahars

32
Q

What do education and community preparation programmes do for awareness?

A

Raise awareness;

33
Q

What do education and community preparation programmes teach people to do?

A

Prepare; Evacuate; Act;

34
Q

What does siphoning off money ear-marked for hazard management allow?

A

Maintains use of Illegal or unsafe buildings

35
Q

What is a kick-back?

A

Elicit payment made in exchange for facilitating a transaction;

36
Q

What is a kick-back an example of?

A

Corruption;

37
Q

What does allowing illegal or unsafe buildings to stay due to corruption for vulnerability?

A

Increases vulnerability;

38
Q

What does having openness, with free press and media mean for government?

A

Can be held accountable;

39
Q

How does increasing accountable decrease vulnerability?

A

Increases likelihood of preparation/planning;

40
Q

What is the national disaster management agency in the USA called?

A

FEMA

41
Q

What is the national disaster management agency is the Philippines called?

A

PHIVOLCS

42
Q

What geographical factors impact the nature of tectonic hazard impacts?

A

Population density;
Degree of Urbanisation;
Isolation/ Accessibility;

43
Q

What do urban areas have more of than rural areas?

A

Assets;

Geography: Edexel A Level (40 decks)

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