Tectonic 1.8

Question 1

What does prediction mean?

Answer 1

Knowing when are where a natural hazard will strike;

Question 2

What scale is knowing when and where a natural hazard will strike based on?

Answer 2

Spatial and Temporal;

Question 3

How can knowing when and where a natural hazard will strike be acted on?

Answer 3

Meaningfully in terms of evacuation;

Question 4

How precise is forecasting in relation to prediction?

Answer 4

Less precise;

Question 5

What does forecasting provide?

Answer 5

Percentage change of a hazard occurring;

Question 6

Name an example of forecasting;

Answer 6

25% of a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurring in the next 20 years;

Question 7

Can earthquakes be predicted?

Answer 7

No;

Question 8

What areas can be identified (risk forecasting) for earthquakes?

Answer 8

High risk areas;

Question 9

What is considered a high risk area for earthquakes?

Answer 9

Severe ground shaking;
Liquefaction;

Question 10

What can risk forecasting be used for?

Answer 10

Land-use zoning;

Question 11

Areas that have not experienced an earthquake for some time and are ‘overdue’ can point to areas of high risk are known as?

Answer 11

Seismic gaps;

Question 12

Can volcanic eruptions be predicted?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What does volcanic monitoring equipment mesure?

Answer 13

Changes in magma in chamber;

Question 14

What record volcanoes ‘bulging’ as magma rises?

Answer 14

Tiltmeters and strain meters;

Question 15

What records minor earthquakes indicating magma movement?

Answer 15

Seismometers;

Question 16

What equipment analyses gas emissions which can point to increased eruption likelihood.?

Answer 16

Gas spectrometers;

Question 17

What can the minimal death toll from volcanic eruptions (despite 60-80 eruptions per year) be mainly attributed to ?

Answer 17

Vastly improved prediction of these events;

Question 18

Can Tsunamis be predicted?

Answer 18

Partly;

Question 19

Can an earthquake induced tsunami be predicted?

Answer 19

No;

Question 20

What can tell an earthquake has occurred and locate it?

Answer 20

Seismometers;

Question 21

What can ocean monitoring equipment detect?

Answer 21

Tsunami is the open sea;

Question 22

Information about tsunamis in the open sea can be relayed to who?

Answer 22

Coastal areas;

Question 23

What can happen to coastal areas warned of a tsunami?

Answer 23

Evacuation;

Question 24

Why is it that in many developing countries, volcano monitoring and tsunami warning may not be as good as they could be?

Answer 24

Cost of technology;

Question 25

What type of areas is it more difficult to reach with effective warnings?

Answer 25

Isolated, rural locations;

Question 26

What does The Hazard Management Cycle illustrate?

Answer 26

Different stages of managing hazards

Question 27

By illustrating the different stages of managing hazards, what does The Hazard Management Cycle attempt to reduce?

Answer 27

Scale of a disaster;

Question 28

What does The Hazard Management Cycle being a cycle mean for one disaster event informing?

Answer 28

Preparation for the next:

Question 29

What is onset?

Answer 29

Natural Hazard occurs;

Question 30

What is response?

Answer 30

Immediate help;

Question 31

Give five examples of immediate help (response).

Answer 31

Rescue;
Aid;
Emergency Shelter;
Food;
Water;

Question 32

What is Recovery?

Answer 32

​Rebuilding infrastructure / services;
Rehabilitating injured (metal/physical);

Question 33

What is mitigation?

Answer 33

Acting to reduce the scale of the next disaster;

Question 34

What two ways can the next disaster be mitigated?

Answer 34

Land-use zoning;
Hazard-resistant buildings/infrastructure

Question 35

What is preparedness?

Answer 35

Community education/resilience building;

Question 36

What does preparedness include?

Answer 36

Prediction; Warning; Evacuation Technology; Behaviour Systems;

Question 37

Name the five stages of The Hazard Management Cycle.

Answer 37

1. Onset
2. Response
3. Recovery
4. Mitigation
5. Preparedness

Question 38

How long could the recovery period take?

Answer 38

Few months, up to years

Question 39

What does the recovery period depend upon?

Answer 39

Magnitude; Development; Governance; External Help

Question 40

What does a larger magnitude mean for the recovery period?

Answer 40

Longer;

Question 41

What does a lower development level mean for the recovery period?

Answer 41

Longer;

Question 42

What does an well governed delegated resources mean for the recovery period?

Answer 42

Shorter/more effective;

Question 43

What does external help mean for the recovery period?

Answer 43

Aid and financing helps the recovery effort;

Question 44

What is the disaster response curve also known as?

Answer 44

Park’s Model

Question 45

What does Park’s disaster response curve provide?

Answer 45

A simple visual illustration of impacts of a disaster;

Question 46

What is on the y axis of the Park’s Model?

Answer 46

Quality of life;

Question 47

What is on the x axis of the Park’s Model?

Answer 47

Time;

Question 48

Name the four vertical separations of the Park’s Model.

Answer 48

Preparation;
Response;
Reconstruction;
Mitigation;

Question 49

What makes the hazard response curve dip at the beginning on the vertical separation of preparedness and response ?

Answer 49

Hazard Event Onset;