Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do most earthquakes occur?

A

At plate boundaries or intraplate regions, due to stress build-up

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2
Q

Where are most volcanoes found?

A

Convergent and Divergent
Hotspots

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3
Q

What percentage of volcanoes occur at the Ring of Fire?

A

75%

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4
Q

What are intraplate volcanoes?

A

Volcanic activity found in the middle of oceanic and continental plates

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5
Q

What happens at oceanic intraplate volcanoes?

A

Magma melts through surface of outer core

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6
Q

What happens at continental intraplate volcanoes?

A

The plate is stretched, creating weakness for magma to break through

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7
Q

What are mantle plumes?

A

Isolated plumes of heat that cause hotspots

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8
Q

Where do plates move at divergent boundaries?

A

Away

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9
Q

What type of eruptions do divergent plates tend to have?

A

Effusive, with basaltic magma

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10
Q

Where do plates move at conservative boundaries?

A

Past each other

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11
Q

Where do plates move at convergent boundaries?

A

Towards each other

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12
Q

What is the inner core?

A

Solid centre of Earth

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13
Q

What is the outer core?

A

Liquid layer creates magnetic field

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14
Q

What is the mantle?

A

Solid layer between core and lithosphere

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15
Q

/What is the asthensophere

A

Semi-molten layer that causes convection currents

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16
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Brittle upper mantle and crust

17
Q

What is Wegner’s theory?

A

Continental drift (1912)

18
Q

What is the one land mass called?

A

Pangea

19
Q

What is mantle convection?

A

Heat from core circulates in mantle

20
Q

What is Palaeomagnetism and seafloor spreading?

A

Resulting from minerals cooling aligned with the magnetic polarity of Earth

21
Q

What is subduction?

A

Crust pulls apart further from oceanic ridge, subducted crust cools, becomes increasingly heavy

22
Q

What is slab pull?

A

The denser plate sinks back into the mantle under the influence of gravity. It pulls the rest of the plate along behind it.

23
Q

What is seafloor spreading?

A

Hot magma pushes through, and cools forming new oceanic crust

24
Q

What is ridge pull?

A

The denser plate sinks back into the mantle under the influence of gravity. It pulls the rest of the plate along behind it.

25
Q

What is the Benioff Zone?

A

Zone of seismicity

26
Q

What is focal depth?

A

Depth from the earth’s surface to the earthquake’s energy orgin

27
Q
A