technology Flashcards
This represents a 3-D object using several 2-D views of the object.
• We call this an ?
• You can see the ?
orthographic projection.
front, top and side views of an object.
You can quickly put your ideas onto paper by drawing
sketches.
By adding ??? , we can make drawings look more
realistic.
perspective
• By adding ?? the sketches can look
even more realistic.
shading and colour drawings
‘ortho’ means
looking straight at a flat face of an object.
‘graphic’ means
a drawing.
In order to make orthographic drawings, you will need to look
at an object from ?
and make ?
different sides
separate drawings
of what you see.
Feint-lines are
feint lines that are used when planning out the
drawing.
Dark-lines are
heavier than the construction lines used to show
visible edges.
Dashed-lines are
short dashes of equal length and spacing used
to show something that is hidden e.g. a hole or an edge –
shows hidden detail.
Wavy-lines are
heavier and used to indicate where sections of
an object have been removed to make it fit on a pa
Chain-consists of
a long line and a dash repeated; used to show
the centre lines of symmetrical object.
We usually write measurements in
millimetres (mm).
An ?? drawing gives the designer a clearer idea of what
the final object will look like.
isometric
To create an isometric drawing, draw all the vertical lines of the
object at , ??
and all the horizontal lines at
90’to the base
30’to the base.
When one object pushes against another object, we say that a
force is exerted on to the object.
As long as a person sits still on a chair, the force on the chair
remains in the same place. you can say that the force is
stationary or static.
When a moving object exerts a force on another object, you
can say that the force is
dynamic.
A load that exerts an equal force over the whole structure that
supports it, is called an
even load.
A load that mainly exerts a force on one part of the structure
that supports it, is called an
uneven load.
Types of forces
- Tension
- Torsion
- Compression
- Shear
- Bending
? and ?
act to pull apart and push down on structural members.
Tensile (or pulling forces)
compressive (or pushing forces)
A ? force pushes down on a member and makes it
shorter.
compressive
A torsion force
twists a beam, either in a clockwise or
anticlockwise direction.
Using ???? on the outside of a frame
helps the frame to resist skewing.
triangulation or cross-bracing
To prevent a tower structure from twisting, you can use crossbracing
inside the frame structure
Materials that are not flexible are called
stiff materials.
Materials that bend easily, but return to their original shape
when released, are called
flexible materials.
A difference between baked clay and foam plastic is that, the
baked clay will be ?? than the foam plastic of the same
size.
heavier
Rock that contains ?? does corrode.
iron
Iron is usually mixed with a small amount of ? to form
“steel”, which is much stronger than pure iron.
carbon
“stainless steel” is steel that contains a large amount of
chrome.
? corrodes or rust easily, while other metals do not corrode
as easily.
Iron
