Techniques

Question 1

Safranin O stain

Answer 1

This is a red stain that stains the nuclei of cells.

Question 2

Fast Green Stain

Answer 2

This is a stain that stains collagen in connective tissues

Question 3

Alizarin Red Stain

Answer 3

This is a stain that stains calcium containing osteocytes in both human and rodent mesenchymal stem cells.

Question 4

Alcian Blue Stain

Answer 4

This is a positively charged blue stain that stains negatively charged polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans in cartilage and other body structures.

Question 5

OARSI scoring system

Answer 5

This is a method to check the integrity of cartilage. The higher the number the worse condition the cartilage is in.

Question 6

Meniscus Scoring

Answer 6

This is a three tier grading. Grades 1 and 2 are not serious but grade 3 is.

Question 7

TUNEL Assay

Answer 7

This is a method to measure DNA breaks that happen during DNA fragmentation in the last phase of apoptosis.

Question 8

GWAS

Answer 8

Genome Wide Association Studies

Question 9

iADP Ribosylation Assay

Answer 9

This is an assay that examines the post translational modification of proteins by ADP Ribose.

Question 10

Reciprocal Co-immunoprecipitation

Answer 10

This is immunoprecipitation done with newly identified proteins.

Question 11

Heat Map

Answer 11

The representation of data in the form of a map or diagram where data values are represented as colors.

Question 12

Bubble Plot

Answer 12

This is a chart where three dimensions of data are displayed. Each entity of its triplet of associated data is portrayed as a disk, 2 of the vi values through the disk’s x,y location and the third through its size.

Question 13

scRNAseq

Answer 13

This is a gold standard to examine expression profiles for individual cells.

Question 14

Volcano Plot

Answer 14

This is a scatterplot that shows statistical significance vs fold change

Question 15

Violin Plot

Answer 15

This is a hybrid between a box plot and a kernel density plot. It depicts summary statistics and the density of each variable.

Question 16

Hematoxylin

Answer 16

This is a stain that stains, chromatin and ribosomes by giving them a deep blue/purple color.

Question 17

Eosin

Answer 17

This is a stain that stains the cytoplasm, collagen and connective tissue with an orange/pink/red color.

Question 18

Wright Giemsa Stain

Answer 18

This is a stain used to look at differentiation of cells. It is a mixture of eosin and methylene blue dyes.

Question 19

Scratch Assay

Answer 19

This is an assay that measures basic cell migration with parameters such as speed, persistence and polarity.

Question 20

Beta-galactosidase Assay

Answer 20

This is an assay to measure cell senescence.

Question 21

Oil Red O Staining

Answer 21

This is a stain for lipid in frozen tissue.

Question 22

Gram Staining

Answer 22

This is a method of staining bacteria species that are in two categories, gram positive and gram negative.

Question 23

Zymography

Answer 23

This is an electrophoretic method to measure proteolytic activity