Technical Terms

Question 1

Gene Ontology

Answer 1

This is a bioinformatics tool to look at gene expression and gene product function

Question 2

Arthroplasty

Answer 2

This is a surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

Question 3

Syngeneic

Answer 3

Genetically similar or identical between organisms.

Question 4

Marylation

Answer 4

This is a regulatory post-translational modification of proteins that controls their function through a variety of mechanisms.

Question 5

In Vitro Translation Assay

Answer 5

This is a method that allows researchers to rapidly express and manufacture small amounts of functional proteins for a variety of applications.

Question 6

DEG

Answer 6

This stands for differentially expressed genes.

Question 7

Milo Analysis

Answer 7

This is a tool for analysis of complex single cell datasets generated from replicated multi condition experiments.

Question 8

Principal Component Analysis

Answer 8

This is a tool to analyze large datasets containing a high number of dimensions/ features per observation.

Question 9

Metabolomics

Answer 9

This is the comprehensive measurement of metabolites in a biological specimen.

Question 10

PAH

Answer 10

These are aromatic molecules: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Question 11

Anthropogenic

Answer 11

Pollution originating from human activity.

Question 12

Genotoxicity

Answer 12

These are compounds that damage genetic material.

Question 13

3 methylcholanthrene

Answer 13

This is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

Question 14

CH223191

Answer 14

This is a AHR inhibitor.

Question 15

Peritonitis

Answer 15

This is inflammation of the peritoneum.

Question 16

Hesperidin

Answer 16

This is a flavonoid that is derived from citrus fruits that has anti inflammatory and anti oxidant properties.

Question 17

Selinexor

Answer 17

This is a drug that causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Selinexor binds to and inhibits exportin 1 (XPO1). XPO1 is a nuclear exporter protein. It contains a pocket that nuclear proteins can bind.

Question 18

Panabinostat

Answer 18

This is a HDAC inhibitor that elevates Foxo1 expression. Foxo1 translocation is more favorable with panabinostat

Question 19

Cypraheptadine

Answer 19

This is a serotonin antagonist. This drug alleviates pain. It works by upregulating the cho metabolism pathway

Question 20

Fibrillation

Answer 20

This is muscle twitching involving individual muscle fibers acting without coordination

Question 21

Odds Ratio

Answer 21

This is a statistic that quantifies the strength of association between two events, A and B

Question 22

Polygenic

Answer 22

This is a trait or characteristic influenced by two or more genes

Question 23

Genome Wide Association Study

Answer 23

This is an observational study of a genome wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait

Question 24

Intramembranous

Answer 24

This means situated within the membrane

Question 25

Endochondreal Formation

Answer 25

This means replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone

Question 26

Achondroplasia

Answer 26

This is a hereditary condition where the growth of long bones is restricted by ossification of cartilage

Question 27

Micromechanical Anisotropy

Answer 27

This is looking at individual constituents of a heterogenous population in a directionally dependent manner

Question 28

Nano indentation

Answer 28

This is a method for measuring the hardness, plasticity and the elasticity index for minute quantities of materials

Question 29

Von Frey Test

Answer 29

This test consists of thin calibrated plastic filaments that are applied to the plantar surface of the hind paw. It is used to determine the threshold that elicits a hind paw withdrawal