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Osteoarthritis > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Aggrecan

A

This is a proteogylcan

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2
Q

gp130

A

This is a transmembrane protein receptor. It forms one subunit of the cytokine type 1 receptor of the IL-6 receptor family.

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3
Q

CCL2

A

This stands for chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and is also referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Its main function is to recruit monocytes, memory T cells and dendritic cells to the regions of inflammation due to tissue injury or infection.

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4
Q

MMP13

A

This is a metalloprotease, which is a collagenase. Its function is to break down collagen found in connective tissues.

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5
Q

Proteoglycan

A

These are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. There is a core protein attached by a serine residue to one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG)

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6
Q

Synovium

A

This is a layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths and bursae.

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7
Q

Bursae

A

Fluid filled sacs between tendons and bones

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8
Q

ADAMTS5

A

This is from the ADAMTS family (contains a disintegrin, metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs). It is a major aggrecanase

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9
Q

Disintegrin

A

These are substances from viper venom that function as potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation and inhibitors of integrin dependent cell adhesion.

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10
Q

Type X Collagen (Col10)

A

This is a network forming collagen prevalent in hypertrophic chondrocytes.

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11
Q

Thrombospondin

A

These are secreted glycoproteins that have anti-angiogenic functions.

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12
Q

prg4

A

This protein also called lubricin is a proteoglycan. It acts as a joint boundary lubricant.

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13
Q

TGF beta

A

This is a tumor suppressor and mediates its antiproliferative effects in a large variety of cell types

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14
Q

Subchondral Bone

A

This is the bone tissue that underlies the calcified cartilage and tidemark.

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15
Q

Tidemark Cartilage

A

This is an interface that can be defined more by biochemical methods rather than by morphology. It originates by chondrocyte activity between the calcified and non-calcified cartilage.

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16
Q

Osteophyte

A

This is a bone outgrowth especially associated with the degeneration of joint cartilage.

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17
Q

IL1 Beta

A

This is a cytokine also called leukocytic pyrogen. It causes macrophages to help lymphocytes fight off infection. It is made by macrophages.

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18
Q

PARP7

A

This is a mono ADP ribosyl transferase

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19
Q

Estradiol

A

This is a major female sex hormone and an estrogen steroid hormone

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20
Q

RB 2397

A

This is a PARP7 inhibitor taken orally

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21
Q

IFN1 gamma

A

This is a cytokine produced by antigen stimulated lymphocytes

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22
Q

MACROD1

A

This is a ADP ribosyl glutamate hydrolase protein found in the nucleoplasm and acts in response to DNA damage and cell stress.

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23
Q

TBK1

A

This is a Tank Binding Kinase, a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in innate immunity antiviral response.

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24
Q

AHR

A

This is the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor that is a transcription factor. It was originally thought to be a sensor for xenobiotic chemicals.

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25
GREB1
This is one of the estrogen specific ER cofactors whose function is to mediate interactions between the ER and additional proteins.
26
TCDD
This is a potent AHR ligand.
27
CYP1A1
This is a AHR target gene.
28
PARP-1
This protein has a crucial role in stabilization of replication forks.
29
Sirtuins
These are NAD+ dependent deacetylases.
30
Axin1
This is a cytoplasmic protein that contains a regulation domain of GPCR.
31
MG132
This is a 26S proteasome inhibitor.
32
Actinomycin D
This is a transcription inhibitor and acts by intercalating between bases upon binding to DNA.
33
Tenascin
These are extracellular matrix glycoproteins.
34
FAP
This is Fibroblast Activating Protein which promotes ECM degradation.
35
Metallothionein
This is a cysteine rich protein that plays a role in metal homeostasis and protects cells from oxidative stress, metal toxicity and DNA damage.
36
Fibrosis Collagen
During injury, fibroblasts and other cells deposit collagen that forms a scar on the damaged area. This leads to a buildup of stiff fibrotic tissue that interferes with the activity of the underlying organs.
37
MMP9
This is a protein that degrades ECM proteins and activates cytokines and chemokines that induce tissue remodeling.
38
Periostin
This is a protein for the POSTN gene. It is a ligand for a class of integrins.
39
CHI3L1
This is a secreted glycoprotein that plays a role in schizophrenia and asthma related traits.
40
CHI3L2
This is a protein that lacks chitinase activity and is involved in cartilage biogenesis.
41
Integrin
These are transmembrane linkers that bind the cytoskeleton of cells to the ECM and are required for cells to grip the matrix.
42
SASP
This stands for Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype. This is when senescent cells secrete large amounts of cytokines, immune modulators, growth factors and proteases.
43
CDKN1A
Also called p21, this is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits cyclin/ CDK complexes.
44
ANGPTL2
This is a protein that promotes adipose tissue macrophage and T lymphocyte accumulation and leads to insulin resistance.
45
CDKN2A
This is a gene that codes for p16 (INK4A) and p14 (ARF) that are tumor suppressors.
46
Core Matrisome
This constitutes ECM glycoproteins, proteoglycans, collagens and cell matrix interactions such as integrins.
47
OXPHOS System
These are protein complexes, all of which are multimeric except for cII of the oxidative phosphorylation system in mitochondria.
48
SERPINE1
This is a gene that codes for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and is involved in normal blood clotting (hemostasis)
49
Desmin
This is a muscle specific type III intermediate filament.
50
Myo1e
This is a protein downstream of PDGFR signaling and controls vascular development.
51
Pck1
This is a protein that is involved in the formation of memory CD8 T cells.
52
Macrodomain
This is part of a protein that can bind ADP ribose.
53
Chylous Ascites
This is a milky appearing triglyceride rich fluid in the abdominal cavity.
54
Cisterna Chyli
This is a lymphatic structure found at the caudal end of the thoracic duct that receives lymph.
55
CXCL1
This stands for Chemokine Ligand 1 and is a small peptide belonging to the CXC Chemokine family that acts as a chemoattractant for many immune cells.
56
CXCL2
This stands for Chemokine Ligand 2 and is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family and is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2 alpha.
57
Beta hydroxybutarate
This is an organic compound that provides energy when carbohydrates are not available.
58
RASA 1
This is a Ras GTPase activating protein that regulates lymphatic vessel growth.
59
Adipokines
These are tissue derived cytokines
60
TRPV4
This stands for Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 and is responsible for matrix biosynthesis by Ca2+ signaling
61
Smad3
This protein is involved in TGFBeta signaling and it transmits signals from the cell surface to the nucleus regulating gene activity and cell proliferation
62
HBP1
This is a dual transcription factor that inhibits target genes by binding to specific affinity elements. Target genes include Myc and DNMT1 and EZH2
63
Sirtuin Pathway
This pathway increases mitochondria biogenesis in chondrocytes thus slowing progression of OA
64
NGAL
This stands for neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin. It's a 25 kDa protein from the lipocalin family bound to gelatinases from neutrophils and epithelial cells
65
Lipocalin
This is a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids and lipids
66
Snapalysin
These is a neutral protease
67
Stromelysine
This is also called MMP3
68
Matrilysine
This is also called MMP7. This protein promotes adhesion of cancer cells and promotes tumor metastasis
69
Hemopexin
This is a plasma protein that has high affinity to heme
70
Alarmins
These when released into the bloodstream results in aberrant inflammation of joints and destruction of cartilage
71
Siderocalin
This is also known as NGAL
72
TAK1
Transforming Growth Factor Beta Activated Kinase
73
Cartilage
These are of three classes by histological features: hyaline, elastic and fibrous
74
Hyaline Cartilage
This is composed of mostly collagen 2 and highly sulfated proteoglycans enriched in glycosoaminoglycans. This is the most common cartilage in the body. This can be further subdivided in 2 parts: permanent cartilage and transient cartilage
75
M1 Macrophage
This type of macrophage produces pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1, IL6, IL12 and TNF alpha. It also causes differentiation of inflammatory T cells
76
M2 Macrophage
This type of macrophage produces anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL10 and IL13
77
Th1
This is an inflammatory T cell. This cell secretes IFNGamma
78
Th17
This is an inflammatory T cell that recruits monocytes and neutrophils to the site of inflammation
79
Inflammasome
This is a multi-protein complex that is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases
80
AMPK
This enzyme plays a role in cellular homeostasis. It activates glucose and fatty acid oxidation when cellular energy is low
81
Hippo
This is a tumor suppressor
82
YAP1
This stands for Yes Associated Protein 1. This protein is a protective effector
83
DOT1L
This is a histone methyltransferase
84
Sclerostin
This is an antagonist to Wnt signaling
85
Zymogen
This is an inactive substance that is converted to an enzyme by the action of another enzyme
86
Perlecan
This is a large basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan
87
TrkA
This is a receptor for Nerve Growth Factor. It stands for Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase A
88
Lrp5/6
This is low density lipoprotein receptor like protein. These are key Wnt coreceptors and interact with many members of the Wnt receptor pathway
89
Osteoprotegerin
This is a decoy receptor in the bone marrow stromal cells for the NFKappa B ligand
90
RANKL
This protein regulates osteoclast formation, activation and survival in bone modeling and remodeling
91
Progerin
This is a defective precursor of lamin A
92
Shelterin
This is a protein also called telosome that protects telomeres from DNA repair mechanisms as well as regulates telomerase activity
93
HP1alpha
This is a heterochromatin protein whose overexpression causes a loss of aging in flies and delays muscular deterioration

Osteoarthritis (10 decks)

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