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osteoarthritis > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Aggrecan

A

This is a proteogylcan

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2
Q

gp130

A

This is a transmembrane protein receptor. It forms one subunit of the cytokine type 1 receptor of the IL-6 receptor family.

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3
Q

CCL2

A

This stands for chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and is also referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Its main function is to recruit monocytes, memory T cells and dendritic cells to the regions of inflammation due to tissue injury or infection.

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4
Q

MMP13

A

This is a metalloprotease, which is a collagenase. Its function is to break down collagen found in connective tissues.

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5
Q

Proteoglycan

A

These are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. There is a core protein attached by a serine residue to one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG)

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6
Q

Synovium

A

This is a layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths and bursae.

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7
Q

Bursae

A

Fluid filled sacs between tendons and bones

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8
Q

ADAMTS5

A

This is from the ADAMTS family (contains a disintegrin, metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs). It is a major aggrecanase

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9
Q

Disintegrin

A

These are substances from viper venom that function as potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation and inhibitors of integrin dependent cell adhesion.

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10
Q

Type X Collagen (Col10)

A

This is a network forming collagen prevalent in hypertrophic chondrocytes.

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11
Q

Thrombospondin

A

These are secreted glycoproteins that have anti-angiogenic functions.

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12
Q

prg4

A

This protein also called lubricin is a proteoglycan. It acts as a joint boundary lubricant.

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13
Q

TGF beta

A

This is a tumor suppressor and mediates its antiproliferative effects in a large variety of cell types

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14
Q

Subchondral Bone

A

This is the bone tissue that underlies the calcified cartilage and tidemark.

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15
Q

Tidemark Cartilage

A

This is an interface that can be defined more by biochemical methods rather than by morphology. It originates by chondrocyte activity between the calcified and non-calcified cartilage.

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16
Q

Osteophyte

A

This is a bone outgrowth especially associated with the degeneration of joint cartilage.

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17
Q

IL1 Beta

A

This is a cytokine also called leukocytic pyrogen. It causes macrophages to help lymphocytes fight off infection. It is made by macrophages.

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18
Q

PARP7

A

This is a mono ADP ribosyl transferase

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19
Q

Estradiol

A

This is a major female sex hormone and an estrogen steroid hormone

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20
Q

RB 2397

A

This is a PARP7 inhibitor taken orally

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21
Q

IFN1 gamma

A

This is a cytokine produced by antigen stimulated lymphocytes

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22
Q

MACROD1

A

This is a ADP ribosyl glutamate hydrolase protein found in the nucleoplasm and acts in response to DNA damage and cell stress.

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23
Q

TBK1

A

This is a Tank Binding Kinase, a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in innate immunity antiviral response.

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24
Q

AHR

A

This is the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor that is a transcription factor. It was originally thought to be a sensor for xenobiotic chemicals.

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25
Q

GREB1

A

This is one of the estrogen specific ER cofactors whose function is to mediate interactions between the ER and additional proteins.

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26
Q

TCDD

A

This is a potent AHR ligand.

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27
Q

CYP1A1

A

This is a AHR target gene.

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28
Q

PARP-1

A

This protein has a crucial role in stabilization of replication forks.

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29
Q

Sirtuins

A

These are NAD+ dependent deacetylases.

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30
Q

Axin1

A

This is a cytoplasmic protein that contains a regulation domain of GPCR.

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31
Q

MG132

A

This is a 26S proteasome inhibitor.

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32
Q

Actinomycin D

A

This is a transcription inhibitor and acts by intercalating between bases upon binding to DNA.

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33
Q

Tenascin

A

These are extracellular matrix glycoproteins.

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34
Q

FAP

A

This is Fibroblast Activating Protein which promotes ECM degradation.

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35
Q

Metallothionein

A

This is a cysteine rich protein that plays a role in metal homeostasis and protects cells from oxidative stress, metal toxicity and DNA damage.

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36
Q

Fibrosis Collagen

A

During injury, fibroblasts and other cells deposit collagen that forms a scar on the damaged area. This leads to a buildup of stiff fibrotic tissue that interferes with the activity of the underlying organs.

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37
Q

MMP9

A

This is a protein that degrades ECM proteins and activates cytokines and chemokines that induce tissue remodeling.

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38
Q

Periostin

A

This is a protein for the POSTN gene. It is a ligand for a class of integrins.

39
Q

CHI3L1

A

This is a secreted glycoprotein that plays a role in schizophrenia and asthma related traits.

40
Q

CHI3L2

A

This is a protein that lacks chitinase activity and is involved in cartilage biogenesis.

41
Q

Integrin

A

These are transmembrane linkers that bind the cytoskeleton of cells to the ECM and are required for cells to grip the matrix.

42
Q

SASP

A

This stands for Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype. This is when senescent cells secrete large amounts of cytokines, immune modulators, growth factors and proteases.

43
Q

CDKN1A

A

Also called p21, this is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that inhibits cyclin/ CDK complexes.

44
Q

ANGPTL2

A

This is a protein that promotes adipose tissue macrophage and T lymphocyte accumulation and leads to insulin resistance.

45
Q

CDKN2A

A

This is a gene that codes for p16 (INK4A) and p14 (ARF) that are tumor suppressors.

46
Q

Core Matrisome

A

This constitutes ECM glycoproteins, proteoglycans, collagens and cell matrix interactions such as integrins.

47
Q

OXPHOS System

A

These are protein complexes, all of which are multimeric except for cII of the oxidative phosphorylation system in mitochondria.

48
Q

SERPINE1

A

This is a gene that codes for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and is involved in normal blood clotting (hemostasis)

49
Q

Desmin

A

This is a muscle specific type III intermediate filament.

50
Q

Myo1e

A

This is a protein downstream of PDGFR signaling and controls vascular development.

51
Q

Pck1

A

This is a protein that is involved in the formation of memory CD8 T cells.

52
Q

Macrodomain

A

This is part of a protein that can bind ADP ribose.

53
Q

Chylous Ascites

A

This is a milky appearing triglyceride rich fluid in the abdominal cavity.

54
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A

This is a lymphatic structure found at the caudal end of the thoracic duct that receives lymph.

55
Q

CXCL1

A

This stands for Chemokine Ligand 1 and is a small peptide belonging to the CXC Chemokine family that acts as a chemoattractant for many immune cells.

56
Q

CXCL2

A

This stands for Chemokine Ligand 2 and is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family and is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2 alpha.

57
Q

Beta hydroxybutarate

A

This is an organic compound that provides energy when carbohydrates are not available.

58
Q

RASA 1

A

This is a Ras GTPase activating protein that regulates lymphatic vessel growth.

59
Q

Adipokines

A

These are tissue derived cytokines

60
Q

TRPV4

A

This stands for Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 and is responsible for matrix biosynthesis by Ca2+ signaling

61
Q

Smad3

A

This protein is involved in TGFBeta signaling and it transmits signals from the cell surface to the nucleus regulating gene activity and cell proliferation

62
Q

HBP1

A

This is a dual transcription factor that inhibits target genes by binding to specific affinity elements. Target genes include Myc and DNMT1 and EZH2

63
Q

Sirtuin Pathway

A

This pathway increases mitochondria biogenesis in chondrocytes thus slowing progression of OA

64
Q

NGAL

A

This stands for neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin. It’s a 25 kDa protein from the lipocalin family bound to gelatinases from neutrophils and epithelial cells

65
Q

Lipocalin

A

This is a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids and lipids

66
Q

Snapalysin

A

These is a neutral protease

67
Q

Stromelysine

A

This is also called MMP3

68
Q

Matrilysine

A

This is also called MMP7. This protein promotes adhesion of cancer cells and promotes tumor metastasis

69
Q

Hemopexin

A

This is a plasma protein that has high affinity to heme

70
Q

Alarmins

A

These when released into the bloodstream results in aberrant inflammation of joints and destruction of cartilage

71
Q

Siderocalin

A

This is also known as NGAL

72
Q

TAK1

A

Transforming Growth Factor Beta Activated Kinase

73
Q

Cartilage

A

These are of three classes by histological features: hyaline, elastic and fibrous

74
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

This is composed of mostly collagen 2 and highly sulfated proteoglycans enriched in glycosoaminoglycans. This is the most common cartilage in the body. This can be further subdivided in 2 parts: permanent cartilage and transient cartilage

75
Q

M1 Macrophage

A

This type of macrophage produces pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1, IL6, IL12 and TNF alpha. It also causes differentiation of inflammatory T cells

76
Q

M2 Macrophage

A

This type of macrophage produces anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL10 and IL13

77
Q

Th1

A

This is an inflammatory T cell. This cell secretes IFNGamma

78
Q

Th17

A

This is an inflammatory T cell that recruits monocytes and neutrophils to the site of inflammation

79
Q

Inflammasome

A

This is a multi-protein complex that is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases

80
Q

AMPK

A

This enzyme plays a role in cellular homeostasis. It activates glucose and fatty acid oxidation when cellular energy is low

81
Q

Hippo

A

This is a tumor suppressor

82
Q

YAP1

A

This stands for Yes Associated Protein 1. This protein is a protective effector

83
Q

DOT1L

A

This is a histone methyltransferase

84
Q

Sclerostin

A

This is an antagonist to Wnt signaling

85
Q

Zymogen

A

This is an inactive substance that is converted to an enzyme by the action of another enzyme

86
Q

Perlecan

A

This is a large basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan

87
Q

TrkA

A

This is a receptor for Nerve Growth Factor. It stands for Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase A

88
Q

Lrp5/6

A

This is low density lipoprotein receptor like protein. These are key Wnt coreceptors and interact with many members of the Wnt receptor pathway

89
Q

Osteoprotegerin

A

This is a decoy receptor in the bone marrow stromal cells for the NFKappa B ligand

90
Q

RANKL

A

This protein regulates osteoclast formation, activation and survival in bone modeling and remodeling

91
Q

Progerin

A

This is a defective precursor of lamin A

92
Q

Shelterin

A

This is a protein also called telosome that protects telomeres from DNA repair mechanisms as well as regulates telomerase activity

93
Q

HP1alpha

A

This is a heterochromatin protein whose overexpression causes a loss of aging in flies and delays muscular deterioration

osteoarthritis (10 decks)

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