Technical Definitions - Respondent + Operant Conditioning Flashcards
Reflex
behaviors part of an antecedent stimuli-response relation
Respondent Behavior
response component of a reflex (behavior is induced by antecedent stimuli)
Phylogenic Selectionism
reflexes within a specific species that develop and/or change over the course of its evolution as a result contingencies of survival
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior without any prior learning
Unconditioned Response (UR)
The behavior that is elicited, or induced by antecedent stimuli (US) without any prior learning
Reflexive Relations (US-UR)
An unlearned stimulus-response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimuli and the respondent behavior it elicits
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
A stimulus change that does not elicit respondent behavior
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A formerly neutral stimulus change (NS) that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with am unconditioned stimulus (US) or another conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)
A learned respondent that is elicited by a previously neutral stimulus (NS) which has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) (or another [CS]), thus becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS)
Respondent Conditioning
is a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus (US) until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response (CR)
Contiguity
occurs when two stimuli are experienced close together in time and/or space (temporal/spatial) and, as a result an association may be formed
Contingency
with the degree in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus (US)
Operant Behavior
Operant behavior is behavior that is selected, maintained, and brought under stimulus control as a function of its consequences
Phylogeny
the history of the natural evolution of a species
Ontogeny
the history of the development of an individual during its lifetime
Cultural
behavior is passed on from one member of a group to another-established through election by consequences for group survival
Operant Conditioning
The basic process by which operant learning occurs in which consequences (stimulus changes immediately following responses) result in an increased (reinforcement) or decreased (punishment) frequency of the same type of behavior under similar motivational and environmental conditions in the future
Consequence
any stimulus change after a behavior of interest-some have a significant influence on behavior, while others have little effect
Positive
presentation of a stimulus (added)
Negative
termination of stimulus (removed)
Reinforcement
occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions
Punishment
occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar circumstance
Positive Reinforcement
occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a desirable stimulus that increases the future frequency of similar responses in similar conditions
Negative Reinforcement
occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the removal of an aversive stimulus (or reduction in in intensity) that increases the future frequency of the similar responses in similar conditions
Positive Punishment
occurs when a behavior is immediately followed by the presentation of a aversive stimulus and, as a result, decreases the future frequency of similar responses in similar conditions
Negative Punishment
occurs when a behavior is immediately followed by the removal of a desirable stimulus (or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus) and, as a result, decreases the future frequency of similar responses in similar conditions
