Motivating Operations

Question 1

Establishing Operations (EO)

Answer 1

relationship between environmental variables (drive concept)

• keller & schoenfeld (1950)

Question 2

Establishing Operations (EO) - reintroduced

Answer 2

any environmental variable that:
1. alters the effectiveness of some object or event as a reinforcer

2. alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus, objective, or event

• michael (1982)

Question 3

EO –> MO

Answer 3

replaced term EO with:
1. value altering

2. behavior altering

*describes the defining effects in the original definition of EO

Question 4

Value-altering Effects

Answer 4

1. motivating operation
2. abolishing operation

Question 5

Motivating Operation (MO)

Answer 5

an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event

Question 6

Abolishing Operation (AO)

Answer 6

a decrease in reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event

Question 7

Evocative Effect

Answer 7

increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event
(behavior-altering effect)

Question 8

Abative Effect

Answer 8

decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event
(behavior-altering effect)

Question 9

Behavior-altering Effects

Answer 9

frequency of behavior result of :

• direct evocative or abative effect of the MO on response frequency
• indirect effect on the evocative or abative strength of relative SD’s

Question 10

Dimensions of Behavior-altering Effects

Answer 10

• not limited to frequency

1. response magnitude
2. response latency
3. relative frequency

Question 11

Behavior-altering Effects (facts)

Answer 11

• operate on the current frequency of the behavior
• antecedent variables (MO’s or SD’s)
• can evoke or abate responses but not alter them

Question 12

Function-altering Effects (facts)

Answer 12

• operates on the future frequency of the behavior
• consequence variables (reinforcers, punishers, extinction, recovery from punishment)
• change repertoire of functional relations

Question 13

Antecedent Variables

Answer 13

• MO’s + SD’s
• alter the current frequency of the behavior
• operant variables
• control response frequency due to their relation to reinforcing or punishing consequences

Question 14

SD

Answer 14

related to the differential availability of a currently effective form of reinforcement for a particular type of behavior

Question 15

MO

Answer 15

related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of a particular type of environment event

Question 16

Differential Availability

Answer 16

relevant consequence has been:
- available in the presence of the SD (reinforcement)

• unavailable in its absences (extinction)

Question 17

Differential Effectiveness

Answer 17

relevant consequence has been:
- effective in the presence of and ineffective in the absence of the MO

Question 18

Unconditioned Motivating Operations (UMO)

Answer 18

value-altering motivating effects that are unlearned

Question 19

Conditioned Motivating Operation (CMO)

Answer 19

value-altering motivating effects that are a function of a learning history

Question 20

UMO’s for Humans

Answer 20

• deprivation and satiation UMO’s (food, water, sleep, oxygen)
• UMO’s relevant to sexual reinforcement
• temperature changes

-painful stimulation